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<head><title>AUXIO / MAINIO / IOTERM Example</title>
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<h1>AUXIO / MAINIO / IOTERM Example</h1>
<div class="ImagePlusCaption">
<div class="Col2">
<p class="PlainText">
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2p.gif" border="0" alt="BS2p icon" title="BS2p icon" />
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2pe.gif" border="0" alt="BS2pe icon" title="BS2pe icon" />
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2px.gif" border="0" alt="BS2px icon" title="BS2px icon" />
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<p style="text-align: right;">Syntax:<a href="../Commands/AUXIO.htm" target="" title="" alt="" class="MCXref_0" xrefformat="{paratext}">AUXIO</a>, <a href="../Commands/MAINIO.htm" target="" title="" alt="" class="MCXref_0" xrefformat="{paratext}">MAINIO</a>, <a href="../Commands/IOTERM.htm" target="" title="" alt="" class="MCXref_0" xrefformat="{paratext}">IOTERM</a></p>
<p class="PlainText">&#160;</p>
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<p class="clear">&#160;</p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p class="PlainText">Note: This program was written for the BS2p but can also run on the BS2pe or BS2px with a change of the $STAMP directive, however, its effects can only be seen on the BS2p40.</p><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">
' AUX_MAIN_TERM.BSP
' This program demonstrates the use of the AUXIO, MAINIO AND IOTERM
' commands to affect I/O pins in the auxiliary and main I/O groups.
' {$STAMP BS2p}
' {$PBASIC 2.5}
#SELECT $STAMP
#CASE BS2, BS2E, BS2SX
#ERROR "Program requires BS2p40"
#CASE BS2P, BS2PE, BS2PX
DEBUG "Note: This program designed for the BS2p40", CR
#ENDSELECT
port VAR Bit
Main:
DO
MAINIO ' Switch to main I/O pins
TOGGLE 0 ' Toggle state of I/O pin P0
PWM 1, 100, 40 ' Generate PWM on I/O pin P1
AUXIO ' Switch to auxiliary I/O pins
TOGGLE 0 ' Toggle state of I/O pin P0
PULSOUT 1, 1000 ' Generate a pulse on I/O pin P1
PWM 2, 100, 40 ' Generate PWM on I/O pin P2
IOTERM port ' Switch to main or aux I/Os
' -- depending on port
TOGGLE 3 ' Toggle state of I/O pin P3
' -- on main and aux, alternately
port = ~port ' Invert port
PAUSE 1000 ' 1 second delay
LOOP
END </pre>
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<p style="text-align: right;">Copyright ©&#160;<span class="ContactInfoCompanyName">Parallax Inc.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: right;"><span class="SystemShortDate">8/8/2012</span>
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<h1>BRANCH Examples</h1>
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<p>
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon1.gif" border="0" alt="BS1 icon" title="BS1 icon" />
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2.gif" border="0" alt="BS2 icon" title="BS2 icon" />
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2e.gif" border="0" alt="BS2e icon" title="BS2e icon" />
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2sx.gif" border="0" alt="BS2sx icon" title="BS2sx icon" />
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<p style="text-align: right;">Syntax: <a href="../Commands/BRANCH.htm" target="" title="" alt="" class="MCXref_0" xrefformat="{paratext}">BRANCH</a></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
</div>
<p class="clear">&#160;</p>
<p class="PlainText">&#160;</p><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">' BRANCH.BS1
' This program shows how the value of idx controls the destination of the
' BRANCH instruction.
' {$STAMP BS1}
' {$PBASIC 1.0}
SYMBOL idx = B2
Main:
DEBUG "idx: ", #idx, " "
BRANCH idx, (Task_0, Task_1, Task_2) ' branch to task
DEBUG "BRANCH target error..." ' ... unless out of range
DEUBG CR, CR
Next_Task:
idx = idx + 1 // 4 ' force idx to be 0..3
GOTO Main
Task_0:
DEBUG "BRANCHed to Task_0", CR
GOTO Next_Task
Task_1:
DEBUG "BRANCHed to Task_1", CR
GOTO Next_Task
Task_2:
DEBUG "BRANCHed to Task_2", CR
GOTO Next_Task
</pre>
<p class="PlainText">&#160;</p><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">
' BRANCH.BS2
' This program shows how the value of idx controls the destination of the
' BRANCH instruction.
' {$STAMP BS2}
' {$PBASIC 2.5}
idx VAR Nib
Main:
DEBUG "idx: ", DEC1 idx, " "
BRANCH idx, [Task_0, Task_1, Task_2] ' branch to task
DEBUG "BRANCH target error...", ' ... unless out of range
CR, CR
Next_Task:
idx = idx + 1 // 4 ' force idx to be 0..3
PAUSE 250
GOTO Main
Task_0:
DEBUG "BRANCHed to Task_0", CR
GOTO Next_Task
Task_1:
DEBUG "BRANCHed to Task_1", CR
GOTO Next_Task
Task_2:
DEBUG "BRANCHed to Task_2", CR
GOTO Next_Task
</pre>
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<p style="text-align: right;">Copyright ©&#160;<span class="ContactInfoCompanyName">Parallax Inc.</span></p>
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<h1>BUTTON Example</h1>
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<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon1.gif" border="0" alt="BS1 icon" title="BS1 icon" />
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2.gif" border="0" alt="BS2 icon" title="BS2 icon" />
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2e.gif" border="0" alt="BS2e icon" title="BS2e icon" />
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<p style="text-align: right;">Syntax: <a href="../Commands/BUTTON.htm" target="" title="" alt="" class="MCXref_0" xrefformat="{paratext}">BUTTON</a></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
</div>
<p class="clear">&#160;</p>
<p class="PlainText">&#160;</p><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">' BUTTON.BS1
' Connect an active-low circuit to pin P0 of the BS1. When you press the
' button, the DEBUG screen will display an asterisk (*). The program, as
' shown below, will print an asterisk at the first button press, then
' delay approximately one second (200 x 5 ms PAUSE) before auto-repeating
' at a rate of approximately 100 ms (5 x 20 ms). Feel free to modify the
' program to see the effects of your changes on the way BUTTON responds.
' {$STAMP BS1}
' {$PBASIC 1.0}
SYMBOL Btn = 0
SYMBOL btnWrk = B2
Main:
' Try changing the Delay value (255) in BUTTON to see the effect of
' its modes: 0 = no delay; 1-254 = varying delays before auto-repeat;
' 255 = no auto-repeat (only one action per button press)
'
' The BUTTON instruction will cause the program to branch to
' No_Press unless P0 = 0
PAUSE 5
BUTTON Btn, 0, 200, 20, btnWrk, 0, No_Press
DEBUG "*"
No_Press:
GOTO Main
</pre>
<p class="PlainTextIndent">&#160;</p>
<p>NOTE: The example below is written for the BS2 and will run on any of the BS2-family modules. Modify the $STAMP directive (as required) before downloading to the BS2e, BS2sx, BS2p, BS2pe, or BS2px.</p><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">' BUTTON.BS2
' Connect an active-low circuit to pin P0 of the BS2. When you press the
' button, the DEBUG screen will display an asterisk (*). The program, as
' shown below, will print an asterisk at the first button press, then
' delay approximately one second (200 x 5 ms PAUSE) before auto-repeating
' at a rate of approximately 100 ms (5 x 20 ms). Feel free to modify the
' program to see the effects of your changes on the way BUTTON responds.
' {$STAMP BS2}
' {$PBASIC 2.5}
Btn PIN 0
btnWrk VAR Byte
Main:
' Try changing the Delay value (255) in BUTTON to see the effect of
' its modes: 0 = no delay; 1-254 = varying delays before auto-repeat;
' 255 = no auto-repeat (only one action per button press)
'
' The BUTTON instruction will cause the program to branch to
' No_Press unless P0 = 0
PAUSE 5
BUTTON Btn, 0, 200, 20, btnWrk, 0, No_Press
DEBUG "*"
No_Press:
GOTO Main
</pre>
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<p style="text-align: right;">Copyright ©&#160;<span class="ContactInfoCompanyName">Parallax Inc.</span></p>
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<div class="ImagePlusCaption">
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<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2px.gif" border="0" alt="BS2px icon" title="BS2px icon" />
</p>
</div>
<p style="text-align: right;">Sytnax: <a href="../Commands/COMPARE.htm" target="" title="" alt="" class="MCXref_0" xrefformat="{paratext}">COMPARE</a></p>
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<p class="PlainText">&#160;</p><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">' COMPARE.BPX
' This example demonstrates the use of the COMPARE command.
' Connect two variable voltage sources (0 to 5 volts) on I/O pins
' P1 and P2 (or a button on each pin connected to ground). Run the
' program and watch the Debug Terminal display as you adjust the
' variable voltage or press the buttons.
' {$STAMP BS2px}
' {$PBASIC 2.5}
#IF $STAMP &lt;&gt; BS2PX #THEN
#ERROR "This program requires a BS2px."
#ENDIF
result VAR Bit
Setup:
' P0 = output, all others = input
CONFIGPIN DIRECTION, %0000000000000001
' Enable pull-ups on P1 and P2
CONFIGPIN PULLUP, %0000000000000110
DEBUG CLS,
"BS2px Comparator Demonstration", CR,
"==============================", CR,
CR,
"Input Voltage: P1 &gt; P2", CR,
"Output State: P0 = 0"
Main:
DO ' Display P1/P2 comparison
COMPARE 1, result
IF (result = 0) THEN
DEBUG CRSRXY, 18, 3, "&gt;"
ELSE
DEBUG CRSRXY, 18, 3, "&lt;"
ENDIF
DEBUG CRSRXY, 19, 4, BIN1 result
LOOP</pre>
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<p style="text-align: right;">Copyright ©&#160;<span class="ContactInfoCompanyName">Parallax Inc.</span></p>
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<h1>CONFIGPIN Example</h1>
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<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2px.gif" border="0" alt="BS2px icon" title="BS2px icon" />
</p>
</div>
<p style="text-align: right;">Syntax: <a href="../Commands/CONFIGPIN.htm" target="" title="" alt="" class="MCXref_0" xrefformat="{paratext}">CONFIGPIN</a></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
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<p class="clear">&#160;</p>
<p>&#160;</p><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">' CONFIGPIN.BPX
' This example demonstrates the use of the CONFIGPIN command.
' All I/O pins are set to inputs with various combinations of
' Pull-Up Resistor, Logic Threshold and Schmitt-Trigger properties.
' While running, this program will constantly display the state of all
' input pins along with an indication of the configuration for each group
' of pins. Try connecting different input signals to the I/O pins (such as
' buttons, a function generator with a slowing sweeping signal (0 to 5
' VDC)) or simply running your fingers across the I/O pins and note how
' they react based upon their configured property.
' {$STAMP BS2px}
' {$PBASIC 2.5}
#IF $STAMP &lt;&gt; BS2PX #THEN
#ERROR "This program requires a BS2px."
#ENDIF
Setup:
CONFIGPIN DIRECTION, %0000000000000000 ' Set all I/O pins to inputs
CONFIGPIN PULLUP, %1111111111110000 ' Enable pull-ups on pins 4 - 15
CONFIGPIN THRESHOLD, %0000111100000000 ' Set P8-P11 to CMOS, others TTL
CONFIGPIN SCHMITT, %1111000000000000 ' Enable Schmitt-Triggers P12-P15
DEBUG CLS,
" BS2px INPUT PIN CONFIGURATION TEST", CR,
"=========================================================", CR,
" P15-P12: Pull-Up Resistors, TTL &amp; Schmitt-Triggers ", CR,
" / ", CR,
" / P11-P8: Pull-Up Resistors &amp; CMOS ", CR,
" / / ", CR,
" | / P7-P4: Pull-Up Resistors &amp; TTL ", CR,
" | | / ", CR,
" | | | P3-P0: Normal ", CR,
" | | | / ", CR,
" | | | | ", CR,
"---- ---- ---- ---- "
Main:
DO
' Display input pin states
DEBUG CRSRXY, 0, 12 ,
BIN4 IND, " ", BIN4 INC, " ", BIN4 INB, " ", BIN4 INA
LOOP
</pre>
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<p style="text-align: right;">Copyright ©&#160;<span class="ContactInfoCompanyName">Parallax Inc.</span></p>
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<h1>COUNT Example</h1>
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<p>
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2.gif" border="0" alt="BS2 icon" title="BS2 icon" />
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2e.gif" border="0" alt="BS2e icon" title="BS2e icon" />
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2sx.gif" border="0" alt="BS2sx icon" title="BS2sx icon" />
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<p style="text-align: right;">Syntax: <a href="../Commands/COUNT.htm" target="" title="" alt="" class="MCXref_0" xrefformat="{paratext}">COUNT</a></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
</div>
<p class="clear">&#160;</p>
<p class="PlainText">&#160;</p>
<p>NOTE: The example below is written for the BS2 and will run on any of the BS2-family modules. Modify the $STAMP directive (as required) before downloading to the BS2e, BS2sx, BS2p, BS2pe, or BS2px.</p><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">' COUNT.BS2
' Connect an active-low button circuit shown to pin P0 of the BS2. The
' DEBUG screen will prompt you to press the button as quickly as possible
' for a 1-second count. When the count is done, the screen will display
' your "score," the total number of cycles registered by COUNT. Note that
' this score will almost always be greater than the actual number of presses
' because of switch contact bounce.
' {$STAMP BS2}
' {$PBASIC 2.5}
PushBtn PIN 0 ' pushbutton on P0
#SELECT $STAMP
#CASE BS2, BS2E
DurAdj CON $100 ' / 1
#CASE BS2SX
DurAdj CON $280 ' / 0.400
#CASE BS2P, BS2PX
OneSec CON $37B ' / 0.287
#CASE BS2PE
OneSec CON $163 ' / 0.720
#ENDSELECT
Capture CON 1000 ' 1 second
cycles VAR Word ' counted cycles
Main:
DO
DEBUG CLS,
"How many times can you press the button in 1 second?", CR
PAUSE 1000
DEBUG "Ready, set... "
PAUSE 500
DEBUG "GO!", CR
COUNT PushBtn, (Capture */ DurAdj), cycles
DEBUG CR, "Your score: ", DEC cycles, CR
PAUSE 3000
DEBUG "Press button to go again."
DO : LOOP UNTIL (PushBtn = 0) ' wait for button press
LOOP
END
</pre>
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<p style="text-align: right;">Copyright ©&#160;<span class="ContactInfoCompanyName">Parallax Inc.</span></p>
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<h1>DATA Example</h1>
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<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2.gif" border="0" alt="BS2 icon" title="BS2 icon" />
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2e.gif" border="0" alt="BS2e icon" title="BS2e icon" />
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<p style="text-align: right;">Syntax: <a href="../Commands/DATA.htm" target="" title="" alt="" class="MCXref_0" xrefformat="{paratext}">DATA</a></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
</div>
<p class="clear">&#160;</p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p>NOTE: The example below is written for the BS2 and will run on any of the BS2-family modules. Modify the $STAMP directive (as required) before downloading to the BS2e, BS2sx, BS2p, BS2pe, or BS2px.</p><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">' DATA.BS2
' This program stores a number of large text strings into EEPROM with the
' DATA directive and then sends them, one character at a time via the DEBUG
' command. This is a good demonstration of how to save program space by
' storing large amounts of data in EEPROM directly, rather than embedding
' the data into DEBUG commands.
' {$STAMP BS2}
' {$PBASIC 2.5}
idx VAR Word ' current location number
phrase VAR Nib ' current phrase number
char VAR Byte ' character to print
' ----- Define all text phrases (out of order, just for fun!) -----
'
Text1 DATA "Here is the first part of a large chunk of textual "
DATA "data ", CR, "that needs to be transmitted. There's "
DATA "a 5 second delay", CR, "between text paragraphs. ", CR
DATA CR, 0
Text3 DATA "The alternative (having multiple DEBUGs or SEROUTs, "
DATA "each ", CR, "with their own line of text) consumes "
DATA "MUCH more EEPROM ", CR, "(program) space. ", CR
DATA CR, 0
Text6 DATA "The 255 is used by this program to indicate we've "
DATA "reached the ", CR, "End of Text. The Main routine "
DATA "pauses in between each block of ", CR, "text, and then "
DATA "uses a LOOKUP command TO retrieve the location ", CR
DATA "of the next desired block of text to print. ", 0
Text4 DATA CLS, "This program also demonstrates retrieving data "
DATA "out of order ", CR, "in relation TO the way it is "
DATA "stored in EEPROM. Additionally, ", CR, "control codes "
DATA "(like carriage-returns, clear-screens, etc) can ", CR
DATA "be embedded right in the data, as it is here. ", CR
DATA CR, 0
Text2 DATA "This is an example of a good way to save space in "
DATA "your ", CR, "BASIC Stamp's program by storing data "
DATA "into EEPROM and ", CR, "retrieving it, one byte at a "
DATA "time, and transmitting it ", CR, "with just a single "
DATA "DEBUG (or SEROUT) command.", CR, CR, 0
Text5 DATA "The Print_It routine simply takes the Index variable, "
DATA "retrieves ", CR, "the character at the EEPROM location "
DATA "pointed to by it, and ", CR, "prints it to the screen "
DATA "unti it finds a byte with a value of 255.", CR, CR, 0
Main:
DEBUG CLS ' Clear DEBUG window
FOR phrase = 1 TO 6 ' Print blocks one by one
LOOKUP (phrase - 1),
[Text1, Text2, Text3, Text4, Text5, Text6], idx
GOSUB Print_It
PAUSE 5000 ' Pause for 5 seconds
NEXT
END
Print_It:
DO
READ idx, char ' Get next character
idx = idx + 1 ' Point to next location
IF (char = 0) THEN EXIT ' If 0, we're done with block
DEBUG char ' Otherwise, transmit it
LOOP
RETURN ' Return to the main routine
</pre>
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<h1>DEBUG / DEBUGIN Example</h1>
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<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2e.gif" border="0" alt="BS2e icon" title="BS2e icon" />
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<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2px.gif" border="0" alt="BS2px icon" title="BS2px icon" /><span class="code_in_text"> {PBASIC&#160;2.5}</span>
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<p style="text-align: right;">Syntax: <a href="../Commands/DEBUG.htm" target="" title="" alt="" class="MCXref_0" xrefformat="{paratext}">DEBUG</a>, <a href="../Commands/DEBUGIN.htm" target="" title="" alt="" class="MCXref_0" xrefformat="{paratext}">DEBUGIN</a></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
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<p class="PlainText">&#160;</p>
<p>NOTE: The example below is written for the BS2 and will run on any of the BS2-family modules. Modify the $STAMP directive (as required) before downloading to the BS2e, BS2sx, BS2p, BS2pe, or BS2px.</p><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">' DEBUG_DEBUGIN.BS2
' This program demonstrates the ability to accept user input from the
' Debug Terminal, and to accept numeric entry in any valid format.
' {$STAMP BS2}
' {$PBASIC 2.5}
myNum VAR Word
Main:
DO
DEBUG CLS, "Enter any number: " ' prompt user
DEBUGIN SNUM myNum ' accept number in any format
DEBUG CRSRXY, 0, 2, ' display in all formats
SDEC ? myNum,
SHEX ? myNum,
SBIN ? myNum
PAUSE 3000
LOOP ' do it again
END
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<h1>DEBUG Examples</h1>
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<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon1.gif" border="0" alt="BS1 icon" title="BS1 icon" />
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2.gif" border="0" alt="BS2 icon" title="BS2 icon" />
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<p style="text-align: right;">Syntax: <a href="../Commands/DEBUG.htm" target="" title="" alt="" class="MCXref_0" xrefformat="{paratext}">DEBUG</a></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
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<p>&#160;</p><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">' DEBUG.BAS
' Demonstrates the use of the BS1 DEBUG instruction. The BS1 DEBUG defaults
' to decimal output and provides the name of the variable unless directed
' otherwise.
' {$STAMP BS1}
' {$PBASIC 1.0}
SYMBOL addr = B2 ' EEPROM address
SYMBOL char = B3 ' character to print
Messages:
EEPROM ("The Parallax BASIC Stamp 1", 13, 0)
Main:
char = "A"
DEBUG CLS ' clear screen
DEBUG char, CR ' standard decimal output
DEBUG $char, CR ' hex ($)
DEBUG %char, CR ' binary (%)
DEBUG #char, CR ' value only (#)
DEBUG "Your grade is: " ' string
DEBUG #@char, CR, CR ' value only, as ASCII (@)
addr = 0 ' point to message
GOSUB Print_It
DEBUG "The Parallax BASIC Stamp 1" ' same message -- fast
END
' This subroutine can be used to transmit a string stored in EEPROM to
' the DEBUG window. Note that this is very SLOW as for each character the
' entire DEBUG packet (97 bytes!) must be transmitted -- which means that
' you can transmit about five characters per second with this method.
'
' A better alternative to this subroutine is to BRANCH to DEBUG statements
' containing the entire string.
Print_It:
READ addr, char ' get character from EEPROM
addr = addr + 1 ' point to next location
IF char = 0 THEN Print_Done ' if 0, terminate printing
DEBUG #@char ' character to DEBUG window
GOTO Print_It ' loop again
Print_Done:
RETURN
</pre>
<p class="PlainText">&#160;</p>
<p class="PlainText">This next demonstration illustrates sending information to and retrieving information from the Debug Terminal window. Also illustrated is the unique ability to accept any valid numeric format using the NUM modifier. To enter binary or hexadecimal values, the number must be preceded by "%" (binary) or "$" (hex).</p>
<p>NOTE: The example below is written for the BS2 and will run on any of the BS2-family modules. Modify the $STAMP directive (as required) before downloading to the BS2e, BS2sx, BS2p, BS2pe, or BS2px.</p><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">' DEBUG_DEBUGIN.BS2
' This program demonstrates the ability to accept user input from the
' Debug Terminal, and to accept numeric entry in any valid format.
' {$STAMP BS2}
' {$PBASIC 2.5}
myNum VAR Word
Main:
DO
DEBUG CLS, "Enter a any number: " ' prompt user
DEBUGIN SNUM myNum ' accept number in any format
DEBUG CRSRXY, 0, 2, ' display in all formats
SDEC ? myNum,
SHEX ? myNum,
SBIN ? myNum
PAUSE 3000
LOOP ' do it again
END
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<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2e.gif" border="0" alt="BS2e icon" title="BS2e icon" />
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<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2px.gif" border="0" alt="BS2px icon" title="BS2px icon" /><span class="code_in_text"> {PBASIC&#160;2.5}</span>
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<p style="text-align: right;">Syntax: <a href="../Commands/DO_LOOP.htm" target="" title="" alt="" class="MCXref_0" xrefformat="{paratext}">DO…LOOP</a></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
</div>
<p class="clear">&#160;</p>
<p class="PlainText">&#160;</p>
<p>NOTE: The example below is written for the BS2 and will run on any of the BS2-family modules. Modify the $STAMP directive (as required) before downloading to the BS2e, BS2sx, BS2p, BS2pe, or BS2px.</p><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">' DO-LOOP.BS2
' This program creates a little guessing game. It starts by creating
' a (psuedo) random number between 1 and 10. The inner loop will run
' until the answer is guessed or 10 tries have been attempted. The
' outer loop has no condition and will cause the inner loop code to
' run until the BASIC Stamp is reprogrammed.
' {$STAMP BS2}
' {$PBASIC 2.5}
rVal VAR Word ' random value
answer VAR Byte ' game answer
guess VAR Byte ' player guess
tries VAR Nib ' number of tries
Main:
DO
RANDOM rVal
answer = rVal.LOWBYTE */ 10 + 1 ' create 1 - 10 answer
tries = 0
DO ' get answer until out of tries
DEBUG CLS,
"Guess an number (1 - 10): ",
CLREOL
DEBUGIN DEC guess ' get new guess
tries = tries + 1 ' update tries count
LOOP UNTIL ((tries = 10) OR (guess = answer))
IF (guess = answer) THEN ' test reason for loop end
DEBUG CR, "You got it!"
ELSE
DEBUG CR, "Sorry ... the answer was ", DEC answer, "."
ENDIF
PAUSE 1000
LOOP ' run again
END
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<h1>DTMFOUT Example</h1>
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<p style="text-align: right;">Syntax: <a href="../Commands/DTMFOUT.htm" target="" title="" alt="" class="MCXref_0" xrefformat="{paratext}">DTMFOUT</a></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
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<p class="PlainText">&#160;</p>
<p>NOTE: The example below is written for the BS2 and will run on any of the BS2-family modules. Modify the $STAMP directive (as required) before downloading to the BS2e, BS2sx, BS2p, BS2pe, or BS2px.</p><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve"> DTMFOUT.BS2
' This demo program is a rudimentary memory dialer. Since DTMF digits fit
' within a nibble (four bits), the program below packs two DTMF digits into
' each byte of three EEPROM data tables. The end of a phone number is marked
' by the nibble $F, since this is not a valid phone-dialing digit.
' Conditional compilation sets the timing adjustment factor so that the
' output will sound the same on any BS2 module.
' {$STAMP BS2}
' {$PBASIC 2.5}
Spkr PIN 10 ' DTMF output on pin 10
#SELECT $STAMP
#CASE BS2, BS2E, BS2PE
TmAdj CON $100 ' x 1.0 (time adjust)
#CASE BS2SX
TmAdj CON $280 ' x 2.5
#CASE BS2P
TmAdj CON $3C5 ' x 3.77
#CASE BS2PX
TmAdj CON $605 ' x 6.02
#ENDSELECT
eeLoc VAR Byte ' EEPROM address of stored number
eeByte VAR Byte ' Byte containing two DTMF digits
dtDig VAR eeByte.NIB1 ' Digit to dial
phone VAR Nib ' Pick a phone #
hiLo VAR Bit ' Bit to select upper and lower nib
Parallax DATA $19,$16,$62,$48,$33,$3F ' Phone: 1-916-624-8333
ParallaxFax DATA $19,$16,$62,$48,$00,$3F ' Phone: 1-916-624-8003
Information DATA $15,$20,$55,$51,$21,$2F ' Phone: 1-520-555-1212
Main:
FOR phone = 0 TO 2
' retrieve address
LOOKUP phone, [Parallax, ParallaxFax, Information], eeLoc
GOSUB Dial_Number
PAUSE 2000
NEXT
END
Dial_Number:
DO
READ eeLoc, eeByte ' Retrieve byte from EEPROM
eeLoc = eeLoc + 1 ' point to next pair of digits
FOR hiLo = 0 TO 1 ' Dial upper and lower digits
IF (dtDig = $F) THEN EXIT ' Hex $F is end-of-number flag
DTMFOUT Spkr, ' dial digit
150 */ TmAdj, 25, [dtDig] ' 150 ms on, 25 ms off
eeByte = eeByte &lt;&lt; 4 ' Shift in next digit
NEXT
LOOP UNTIL (dtDig = $F)
RETURN
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<h1>EEPROM Example</h1>
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<p style="text-align: right;">Syntax: <a href="../Commands/EEPROM.htm" target="" title="" alt="" class="MCXref_0" xrefformat="{paratext}">EEPROM</a></p>
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<p class="PlainText">&#160;</p><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">' EEPROM.BS1
' This program stores a couple of text strings into EEPROM with the EEPROM
' directive and then sends them, one character at a time via the SEROUT
' command. This is a good demonstration of how to save program space by
' storing large amounts of data in EEPROM directly, rather than embedding
' the data into SEROUT commands.
' {$STAMP BS1}
' {$PBASIC 1.0}
SYMBOL SOut = 0 ' serial output
SYMBOL idx = B2 ' Holds current location number
SYMBOL phrase = B3
SYMBOL char = B4 ' Holds current character to print
Phrases:
EEPROM ("Here is a long message that needs to be transmitted.", 13, 0)
EEPROM ("Here is some more text to be transmitted.", 13, 0)
Main:
idx = 0
FOR phrase = 1 TO 2 ' select phrase
GOSUB Print_It ' print the phrase
PAUSE 3000 ' Pause for 3 seconds
NEXT
END
Print_It:
READ idx, char ' get next character
idx = idx + 1 ' point to next EEPROM location
IF char = 0 THEN Print_Done ' if 0, we're done with this block
SEROUT SOut, N2400, (char) ' otherwise, transmit it
'DEBUG #@char ' -- for demo with DEBUG (slower)
GOTO Print_It
Print_Done:
RETURN ' return to caller</pre>
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<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2px.gif" border="0" alt="BS2px icon" title="BS2px icon" /><span class="code_in_text"> {PBASIC&#160;2.5}</span>
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<p style="text-align: right;">Syntax: <a href="../Commands/EXIT.htm" target="" title="" alt="" class="MCXref_0" xrefformat="{paratext}">EXIT</a></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
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<p class="PlainText">&#160;</p>
<p>NOTE: The example below is written for the BS2 and will run on any of the BS2-family modules. Modify the $STAMP directive (as required) before downloading to the BS2e, BS2sx, BS2p, BS2pe, or BS2px.</p><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">' EXIT.BS2
' This program demonstrates the early termination of DO...LOOP and
' FOR..NEXT loop structures. IF...THEN is used to test a condition
' and when true, EXIT will terminate the loop.
' {$STAMP BS2}
' {$PBASIC 2.5}
col VAR Nib
row VAR Nib
Setup:
col = 0
Main:
DO WHILE (col &lt; 10) ' attempt 10 iterations
FOR row = 0 TO 15 ' attempt 16 iterations
IF (row &gt; 9) THEN EXIT ' terminate when row &gt; 9
DEBUG CRSRXY, (col * 8), row, ' print col/row at location
DEC col, "/", DEC row, CR
NEXT
col = col + 1 ' update column
IF (col = 3) THEN EXIT ' terminate when col = 3
LOOP
END
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<h1>FOR...NEXT Examples</h1>
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<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2.gif" border="0" alt="BS2 icon" title="BS2 icon" />
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<p style="text-align: right;">Syntax: <a href="../Commands/FOR_NEXT.htm" target="" title="" alt="" class="MCXref_0" xrefformat="{paratext}">FOR…NEXT</a></p>
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<p class="PlainText">&#160;</p><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">' FOR-NEXT.BS1
' This example uses a FOR...NEXT loop to churn out a series of sequential
' squares (numbers 1, 2, 3, 4... raised to the second power) by using a
' variable to set the FOR...NEXT stepValue, and incrementing stepValue within
' the loop. Sir Isaac Newton is generally credited with the discovery of
' this technique.
' {$STAMP BS1}
' {$PBASIC 1.0}
SYMBOL square = B2 ' FOR/NEXT counter
SYMBOL stepSize = B3 ' step size, increase by 2 each loop
Setup:
stepSize = 1
square = 1
Main:
FOR square = 1 TO 250 STEP stepSize ' show squares up to 250
DEBUG square ' display on screen
stepSize = stepSize + 2 ' add 2 to stepSize
NEXT ' loop until square &gt; 250
END
</pre>
<p class="PlainText">&#160;</p>
<p>NOTE: The example below is written for the BS2 and will run on any of the BS2-family modules. Modify the $STAMP directive (as required) before downloading to the BS2e, BS2sx, BS2p, BS2pe, or BS2px.</p><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">' FOR-NEXT.BS1
' This example uses a FOR...NEXT loop to churn out a series of sequential
' squares (numbers 1, 2, 3, 4... raised to the second power) by using a
' variable to set the FOR...NEXT stepValue, and incrementing stepValue within
' the loop. Sir Isaac Newton is generally credited with the discovery of
' this technique.
' {$STAMP BS1}
' {$PBASIC 1.0}
SYMBOL square = B2 ' FOR/NEXT counter
SYMBOL stepSize = B3 ' step size, increase by 2 each loop
Setup:
stepSize = 1
square = 1
Main:
FOR square = 1 TO 250 STEP stepSize ' show squares up to 250
DEBUG square ' display on screen
stepSize = stepSize + 2 ' add 2 to stepSize
NEXT ' loop until square &gt; 250
END</pre>
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<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2.gif" border="0" alt="BS2 icon" title="BS2 icon" />
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2e.gif" border="0" alt="BS2e icon" title="BS2e icon" />
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<p style="text-align: right;">Syntax: <a href="../Commands/FREQOUT.htm" target="" title="" alt="" class="MCXref_0" xrefformat="{paratext}">FREQOUT</a></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
</div>
<p class="clear">&#160;</p>
<p class="PlainText">&#160;</p>
<p>NOTE: The example below is written for the BS2 and will run on any of the BS2-family modules. Modify the $STAMP directive (as required) before downloading to the BS2e, BS2sx, BS2p, BS2pe, or BS2px.</p><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">' FREQOUT.BS2
' This program demonstrates a sound-effects generation by the BASIC Stamp.
' Conditional compilation sets timing and frequency adjustment factors so
' that the output will sound the same on any BS2 module.
' {$STAMP BS2}
' {$PBASIC 2.5}
Spkr PIN 10 ' output pin for FREQOUT
#SELECT $STAMP
#CASE BS2, BS2E
TmAdj CON $100 ' x 1.0 (time adjust)
FrAdj CON $100 ' x 1.0 (freq adjust)
#CASE BS2SX
TmAdj CON $280 ' x 2.5
FrAdj CON $066 ' x 0.4
#CASE BS2P
TmAdj CON $3C5 ' x 3.77
FrAdj CON $044 ' x 0.265
#CASE BS2PE
TmAdj CON $100 ' x 1.0
FrAdj CON $0A9 ' x 0.66
#CASE BS2PX
TmAdj CON $607 ' x 6.02
FrAdj CON $02A ' x 0.166
#ENDSELECT
Main:
DEBUG "Let's make a call...", CR
' combine 350 Hz &amp; 440 Hz for dial tone
FREQOUT Spkr, 2000 */ TmAdj, 350 */ FrAdj, 440 */ FrAdj
' dial number (digits 150 ms on, 25 ms off)
DTMFOUT Spkr, 150 */ TmAdj, 25, [5, 5, 5, 1, 2, 1, 2]
PAUSE 500
' bad connection (SIT sequence)
FREQOUT Spkr, 375 */ TmAdj, 985 */ FrAdj
FREQOUT Spkr, 375 */ TmAdj, 1371 */ FrAdj
FREQOUT Spkr, 375 */ TmAdj, 1777 */ FrAdj
DEBUG "Oops! -- try again...", CR
PAUSE 1000
DTMFOUT Spkr, 150 */ TmAdj, 25, [5, 5, 5, 2, 2, 2, 2]
DEBUG "Ringing"
FREQOUT Spkr, 2000 */ TmAdj, 440 */ FrAdj, 480 */ FrAdj
PAUSE 4000
FREQOUT Spkr, 2000 */ TmAdj, 440 */ FrAdj, 480 */ FrAdj
INPUT Spkr
DEBUG CLS, "Done."
END
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<h1>GET / PUT Examples</h1>
<div class="ImagePlusCaption">
<div class="Col2">
<p>
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2e.gif" border="0" alt="BS2e icon" title="BS2e icon" />
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2sx.gif" border="0" alt="BS2sx icon" title="BS2sx icon" />
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2p.gif" border="0" alt="BS2p icon" title="BS2p icon" />
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2pe.gif" border="0" alt="BS2pe icon" title="BS2pe icon" />
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<p style="text-align: right;">Syntax: <a href="../Commands/GET.htm" target="" title="" alt="" class="MCXref_0" xrefformat="{paratext}">GET</a>, <a href="../Commands/PUT.htm" target="" title="" alt="" class="MCXref_0" xrefformat="{paratext}">PUT</a></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
</div>
<p class="clear">&#160;</p>
<p class="PlainText">&#160;</p>
<p>NOTE: This is written for the BS2sx and will also run on the BS2e, BS2p, BS2pe, and BS2px. Modify the $STAMP directive (as required) before downloading to the BS2e, BS2p, BS2pe, or BS2px.</p><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">' GET_PUT1.BSX
' This example demonstrates the use of the GET AND PUT commands. First,
' slot location is read using GET to display the currently running program
' number. Then a set of values are written (PUT) into locations 0 TO 9.
' Afterwards, program number 1 is RUN. This program is a BS2SX project
' consisting of GET_PUT1.BSX and GET_PUT2.BSX, but will run on the BS2e,
' BS2p, BS2pe, and BS2px without modification.
' {$STAMP BS2sx, GET_PUT2.BSX}
' {$PBASIC 2.5}
#SELECT $STAMP
#CASE BS2
#ERROR "BS2e or greater required."
#CASE BS2E, BS2SX
Slot CON 63
#CASE BS2P, BS2PE, BS2PX
Slot CON 127
#ENDSELECT
value VAR Byte
idx VAR Byte
Setup:
GET Slot, value
DEBUG "Program Slot #", DEC value.NIB0, CR
Main:
FOR idx = 0 TO 9
value = (idx + 3) * 8
PUT idx, value
DEBUG " Writing: ", DEC2 value, " to location: ", DEC2 idx, CR
NEXT
DEBUG CR
RUN 1
END
</pre>
<p class="PlainText">&#160;</p><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">' GET_PUT2.BSX
' This example demonstrates the use of the GET and PUT commands. First,
' the Slot location is read using GET to display the currently running
' program number. Then a set of values are read (GET) from locations
' 0 to 9 and displayed on the screen for verification. This program is a
' BS2SX project consisting of GET_PUT1.BSX and GET_PUT2.BSX, but will run
' on the BS2e, BS2p, BS2pe, and BS2px without modification.
' {$STAMP BS2sx}
' {$PBASIC 2.5}
#SELECT $STAMP
#CASE BS2
#ERROR "BS2e or greater required."
#CASE BS2E, BS2SX
Slot CON 63
#CASE BS2P, BS2PE, BS2PX
Slot CON 127
#ENDSELECT
value VAR Byte
idx VAR Byte
Setup:
GET Slot, value
DEBUG "Program Slot #", DEC value.NIB0, CR
Main:
FOR idx = 0 TO 9
GET idx, value
DEBUG " Reading: ", DEC2 value, " from location: ", DEC2 idx, CR
NEXT
END
</pre>
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<p style="text-align: right;">Copyright ©&#160;<span class="ContactInfoCompanyName">Parallax Inc.</span></p>
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<h1>GOSUB Examples</h1>
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<p>
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon1.gif" border="0" alt="BS1 icon" title="BS1 icon" />
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2.gif" border="0" alt="BS2 icon" title="BS2 icon" />
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2e.gif" border="0" alt="BS2e icon" title="BS2e icon" />
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<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2p.gif" border="0" alt="BS2p icon" title="BS2p icon" />
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</p>
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<p style="text-align: right;">Syntax: <a href="../Commands/GOSUB.htm" target="" title="" alt="" class="MCXref_0" xrefformat="{paratext}">GOSUB</a></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
</div>
<p class="clear">&#160;</p>
<p class="PlainText">&#160;</p><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">' GOSUB.BS1
' This program is a guessing game that generates a random number in a
' subroutine called Pick_A_Number. It is written to stop after three
' guesses. To see a common bug associated with GOSUB, delete or comment
' out the line beginning with END after the FOR-NEXT loop. This means
' that after the loop is finished, the program will wander into the
' Pick_A_Number subroutine. When the RETURN at the end executes, the
' program will go back to the beginning of the program. This will cause
' the program to execute endlessly. Make sure that your programs can't
' accidentally execute subroutines!
' {$STAMP BS1}
' {$PBASIC 1.0}
SYMBOL rounds = B2 ' number of reps
SYMBOL numGen = W0 ' random number holder
SYMBOL myNum = B3 ' random number, 1-10
Setup:
numGen = 11500 ' initialize random "seed"
Main:
FOR rounds = 1 TO 10
DEBUG CLS, "Pick a number from 1 to 10", CR
GOSUB Pick_A_Number
PAUSE 2000 ' dramatic pause
DEBUG "My number was: ", #myNum ' show the number
PAUSE 1000 ' another pause.
NEXT
DEBUG CLS, "Done"
END ' end program
' Random-number subroutine. A subroutine is just a piece of code with
' the RETURN instruction at the end. Always make sure your program enters
' subroutines with a GOSUB. If you don't, the RETURN won't have the
' correct address, and your program will have a bug!
Pick_A_Number:
RANDOM numGen ' stir up the bits of NumGen.
DEBUG numGen, CR
myNum = numGen / 6550 MIN 1 ' scale to fit 1-10 range.
RETURN ' go back to 1st instruction
</pre>
<p class="PlainText"> <![CDATA[ ]]></p>
<p>NOTE: The example below is written for the BS2 and will run on any of the BS2-family modules. Modify the $STAMP directive (as required) before downloading to the BS2e, BS2sx, BS2p, BS2pe, or BS2px.</p><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">' GOSUB.BS2
' This program is a guessing game that generates a random number in a
' subroutine called Pick_A_Number. It is written to stop after three
' guesses. To see a common bug associated with GOSUB, delete or comment
' out the line beginning with END after the FOR-NEXT loop. This means
' that after the loop is finished, the program will wander into the
' Pick_A_Number subroutine. When the RETURN at the end executes, the
' program will go back to the beginning of the program. This will cause
' the program to execute endlessly. Make sure that your programs can't
' accidentally execute subroutines!
' {$STAMP BS2}
' {$PBASIC 2.5}
rounds VAR Byte ' number of reps
numGen VAR Word ' random number holder
myNum VAR Byte ' random number, 1-10
Setup:
numGen = 11500 ' initialize random "seed"
Main:
FOR rounds = 1 TO 10
DEBUG CLS, "Pick a number from 1 to 10", CR
GOSUB Pick_A_Number
PAUSE 2000 ' dramatic pause
DEBUG "My number was: ", DEC myNum ' show the number
PAUSE 1000 ' another pause.
NEXT
DEBUG CLS, "Done"
END ' end program
' Random-number subroutine. A subroutine is just a piece of code with
' the RETURN instruction at the end. Always make sure your program enters
' subroutines with a GOSUB. If you don't, the RETURN won't have the
' correct address, and your program will have a bug!
Pick_A_Number:
RANDOM numGen ' stir up the bits of NumGen.
DEBUG DEC ? numGen
myNum = numGen / 6550 MIN 1 ' scale to fit 1-10 range.
RETURN ' go back to 1st instruction
' after GOSUB that got us here
</pre>
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<h1>GOTO Example</h1>
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<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon1.gif" border="0" alt="BS1 icon" title="BS1 icon" />
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2.gif" border="0" alt="BS2 icon" title="BS2 icon" />
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2e.gif" border="0" alt="BS2e icon" title="BS2e icon" />
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2sx.gif" border="0" alt="BS2sx icon" title="BS2sx icon" />
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2p.gif" border="0" alt="BS2p icon" title="BS2p icon" />
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<p style="text-align: right;">Syntax: <a href="../Commands/GOTO.htm" target="" title="" alt="" class="MCXref_0" xrefformat="{paratext}">GOTO</a></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
</div>
<p class="clear">&#160;</p>
<p class="PlainText">&#160;</p>
<p>NOTE: This is written for the BS2 and will run on any BASIC Stamp module. Modify the $STAMP directive (as required) before downloading to the BS1, BS2e, BS2sx, BS2p, BS2pe, or BS2px.</p><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">' GOTO.BS2
' This program isn't practical at all, but demonstrates the use of GOTO to
' jump around the code. This code jumps between three different routines,
' each of which print something different on the screen. The routines are
' out of order for this example.
' {$STAMP BS2}
Start:
GOTO Routine1
Routine2:
DEBUG "We're in routine #2", CR
PAUSE 1000
GOTO Routine3
Routine1:
DEBUG "We're in routine #1", CR
PAUSE 1000
GOTO Routine2
Routine3:
DEBUG "We're in routine #3", CR
PAUSE 1000
GOTO Routine1</pre>
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<p style="text-align: right;">Copyright ©&#160;<span class="ContactInfoCompanyName">Parallax Inc.</span></p>
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<p>
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon1.gif" border="0" alt="BS1 icon" title="BS1 icon" />
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2.gif" border="0" alt="BS2 icon" title="BS2 icon" />
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2e.gif" border="0" alt="BS2e icon" title="BS2e icon" />
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<p style="text-align: right;">Syntax: <a href="../Commands/HIGH.htm" target="" title="" alt="" class="MCXref_0" xrefformat="{paratext}">HIGH</a>, <a href="../Commands/LOW.htm" target="" title="" alt="" class="MCXref_0" xrefformat="{paratext}">LOW</a></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
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<p class="clear">&#160;</p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p>NOTE: This is written for the BS2 and will run on any BASIC Stamp module. Modify the $STAMP directive (as required) before downloading to the BS1, BS2e, BS2sx, BS2p, BS2pe, or BS2px.</p><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">' HIGH_LOW.BS2
' This simple program sets I/O pin 0 high for 1/2 second and low for
' 1/2 second in an endless loop. Connect an LED to P0 for a simple
' blinker.
' {$STAMP BS2}
Main:
HIGH 0
PAUSE 500
LOW 0
PAUSE 500
GOTO Main
END
</pre>
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<h1>I2CIN / I2COUT Example</h1>
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<p>
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2p.gif" border="0" alt="BS2p icon" title="BS2p icon" />
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2pe.gif" border="0" alt="BS2pe icon" title="BS2pe icon" />
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</p>
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<p style="text-align: right;">Syntax: <a href="../Commands/I2CIN.htm" target="" title="" alt="" class="MCXref_0" xrefformat="{paratext}">I2CIN</a>, <a href="../Commands/I2COUT.htm" target="" title="" alt="" class="MCXref_0" xrefformat="{paratext}">I2COUT</a></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
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<p class="clear">&#160;</p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p class="PlainText" style="text-align: center;">
<img src="../../graphics/24lc16_sch.gif" />
</p>
<p>NOTE: This is written for the BS2p and will also run on the BS2pe and BS2px. Modify the $STAMP directive (as required) before downloading to the BS2pe or BS2px.</p><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">' I2C.BSP
' This program demonstrates writing and reading every location in a 24LC16B
' EEPROM using the BS2p/BS2pe.BS2px's I2C commands. Connect the BS2p, BS2pe,
' or BS2px to the 24LC16B DIP EEPROM as shown in the diagram in the I2CIN
' or I2COUT command description.
' {$STAMP BS2p}
' {$PBASIC 2.5}
#IF ($STAMP &lt; BS2P) #THEN
#ERROR "Program requires BS2p, BS2pe, or BS2px."
#ENDIF
SDA PIN 0 ' I2C SDA pin
SCL PIN SDA + 1
addr VAR Word ' internal address
block VAR Nib ' block address in 24LC16
value VAR Byte ' value to write
check VAR Nib ' for checking retuned values
result VAR Byte(16) ' array for returned value
Write_To_EEPROM:
DEBUG "Writing...", CR
PAUSE 2000
FOR addr = 0 TO 2047 STEP 16 ' loop through all addresses
block = addr.NIB2 &lt;&lt; 1 ' calculate block address
value = addr &gt;&gt; 4 ' create value from upper 8 bits
' write 16 bytes
I2COUT SDA, $A0 | block, addr, [REP value\16]
PAUSE 5
DEBUG "Addr: ", DEC4 addr, "-", DEC4 addr + 15, " ",
"Value: ", DEC3 value, CR
NEXT
PAUSE 2000
Read_From_EEPROM:
DEBUG CR, "Reading...", CR
PAUSE 2000
FOR addr = 0 TO 2047 STEP 16
block = addr.NIB2 &lt;&lt; 1
value = addr &gt;&gt; 4
I2CIN SDA, $A1 | block, addr, [STR result\16]
FOR check = 0 TO 15
IF (result(check) &lt;&gt; value) THEN Error
NEXT
DEBUG "Addr: ", DEC4 addr, "-", DEC4 addr + 15, " ",
"Value: ", DEC3 result, CR
NEXT
PAUSE 100
DEBUG CR, "All locations passed"
END
Error:
DEBUG "Error at location: ", DEC4 addr + check, CR,
"Found: ", DEC3 result(check), ", Expected: ", DEC3 value
END
</pre>
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<h1>IF...THEN...ELSE Example</h1>
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<p>
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2.gif" border="0" alt="BS2 icon" title="BS2 icon" />
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2e.gif" border="0" alt="BS2e icon" title="BS2e icon" />
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<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2px.gif" border="0" alt="BS2px icon" title="BS2px icon" /><span class="code_in_text"> {PBASIC&#160;2.5}</span>
</p>
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<p style="text-align: right;">Syntax: <a href="../Commands/IF_THEN_ELSE.htm" target="" title="" alt="" class="MCXref_0" xrefformat="{paratext}">IF…THEN…ELSE</a></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
</div>
<p class="clear">&#160;</p>
<p class="PlainText">&#160;</p>
<p>NOTE: The example below is written for the BS2 and will run on any of the BS2-family modules. Modify the $STAMP directive (as required) before downloading to the BS2e, BS2sx, BS2p, BS2pe, or BS2px.</p><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">' IF-THEN-ELSE.BS2
' The program below generates a series of 16-bit random numbers and tests
' each to determine whether they're evenly divisible by 3. If a number is
' evenly divisible by 3, then it is printed, otherwise, the program generates
' another random number. The program counts how many numbers it prints, and
' quits when this number reaches 10.
' {$STAMP BS2}
' {$PBASIC 2.5} ' version 2.5 required
sample VAR Word ' Random number to be tested
hits VAR Nib ' Number of hits
misses VAR Word ' Number of misses
Setup:
sample = 11500
Main:
DO
RANDOM sample ' Put a random number into sample
IF ((sample // 3) = 0) THEN ' divisible by 3?
DEBUG DEC5 sample, ' - yes, print value and message
" is divisible by 3", CR
hits = hits + 1 ' count hits (divisble by 3)
ELSE
misses = misses + 1 ' count misses
ENDIF
LOOP UNTIL (hits = 10) ' quit after 10 hits
DEBUG CR,
"All done.", CR, CR, ' display results
"Hits: ", DEC hits, CR,
"Misses: ", DEC misses, CR,
"Samples: ", DEC (hits + misses)
END
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<h1>IF...THEN Examples</h1>
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<p>
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon1.gif" border="0" alt="BS1 icon" title="BS1 icon" />
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2.gif" border="0" alt="BS2 icon" title="BS2 icon" />
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2e.gif" border="0" alt="BS2e icon" title="BS2e icon" />
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<p style="text-align: right;">Syntax: <a href="../Commands/IF_THEN.htm" target="" title="" alt="" class="MCXref_0" xrefformat="{paratext}">IF…THEN</a></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
</div>
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<p>&#160;</p><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">' IF-THEN.BS1
' The program below generates a series of 16-bit random numbers and tests
' each to determine whether they're evenly divisible by 3. If a number is
' evenly divisible by 3, then it is printed, otherwise, the program generates
' another random number. The program counts how many numbers it prints, and
' quits when this number reaches 10.
' {$STAMP BS1}
' {$PBASIC 1.0}
SYMBOL sample = W0 ' Random number to be tested
SYMBOL samps = B2 ' Number of samples taken
SYMBOL temp = B3 ' Temporary workspace
Setup:
sample = 11500
Mult3:
RANDOM sample ' Put a random number into sample
temp = sample // 3
IF temp &lt;&gt; 0 THEN Mult3 ' Not multiple of 3? -- try again
DEBUG #sample, "divides by 3", CR ' show sample divisible by 3
samps = samps + 1 ' Count multiples of 3
IF samps = 10 THEN Done ' Quit with 10 samples
GOTO Mult3 ' keep checking
Done:
DEBUG CR, "All done."
END
</pre>
<p class="PlainText">&#160;</p>
<p>NOTE: The example below is written for the BS2 and will run on any of the BS2-family modules. Modify the $STAMP directive (as required) before downloading to the BS2e, BS2sx, BS2p, BS2pe, or BS2px.</p><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">' IF-THEN.BS2
' The program below generates a series of 16-bit random numbers and tests
' each to determine whether they're evenly divisible by 3. If a number is
' evenly divisible by 3, then it is printed, otherwise, the program generates
' another random number. The program counts how many numbers it prints, and
' quits when this number reaches 10.
' {$STAMP BS2}
' {$PBASIC 2.0}
sample VAR Word ' Random number to be tested
samps VAR Nib ' Number of samples taken
temp VAR Nib ' Temporary workspace
Setup:
sample = 11500
Mult3:
RANDOM sample ' Put a random number into sample
temp = sample // 3
IF (temp &lt;&gt; 0) THEN Mult3 ' Not multiple of 3? -- try again
DEBUG DEC5 sample, " divides by 3", CR
samps = samps + 1 ' Count multiples of 3
IF samps = 10 THEN Done ' Quit with 10 samples
GOTO Mult3 ' keep checking
Done:
DEBUG CR, "All done."
END
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<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon1.gif" border="0" alt="BS1 icon" title="BS1 icon" />
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2.gif" border="0" alt="BS2 icon" title="BS2 icon" />
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<p style="text-align: right;">Syntax: <a href="../Commands/INPUT.htm" target="" title="" alt="" class="MCXref_0" xrefformat="{paratext}">INPUT</a>, <a href="../Commands/OUTPUT.htm" target="" title="" alt="" class="MCXref_0" xrefformat="{paratext}">OUTPUT</a></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
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<p class="clear">&#160;</p>
<p>&#160;</p><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">' INPUT_OUTPUT.BS1
' This program demonstrates how the input/output direction of a pin is
' determined by the corresponding bit of DIRS. It also shows that the
' state of the pin itself (as reflected by the corresponding bit of PINS)
' is determined by the outside world when the pin is an input, and by the
' corresponding bit of PINS when it's an output. To set up the demo,
' connect a 10k resistor from +5V to P7 on the BASIC Stamp. The resistor
' to +5V puts a high (1) on the pin when it's an input. The BASIC Stamp
' can override this state by writing a low (0) to bit 7 of OUTS and
' changing the pin to output.
' {$STAMP BS1}
' {$PBASIC 1.0}
Main:
INPUT 7 ' Make P7 an input
DEBUG "State of P7: ", #PIN7, CR
PIN7 = 0 ' Write 0 to output latch
DEBUG "After 0 written to OUT7: "
DEBUG #PIN7, CR
OUTPUT 7 ' Make P7 an output
DEBUG "After P7 changed to output: "
DEBUG #PIN7
END
</pre>
<p class="PlainText">&#160;</p>
<p>NOTE: The example below is written for the BS2 and will run on any of the BS2-family modules. Modify the $STAMP directive (as required) before downloading to the BS2e, BS2sx, BS2p, BS2pe, or BS2px.</p><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">' INPUT_OUTPUT.BS2
' This program demonstrates how the input/output direction of a pin is
' determined by the corresponding bit of DIRS. It also shows that the
' state of the pin itself (as reflected by the corresponding bit of PINS)
' is determined by the outside world when the pin is an input, and by the
' corresponding bit of PINS when it's an output. To set up the demo,
' connect a 10k resistor from +5V to P7 on the BASIC Stamp. The resistor
' to +5V puts a high (1) on the pin when it's an input. The BASIC Stamp
' can override this state by writing a low (0) to bit 7 of OUTS and
' changing the pin to output.
' {$STAMP BS2}
' {$PBASIC 2.5}
Main:
INPUT 7 ' Make P7 an input
DEBUG "State of P7: ",
BIN1 IN7, CR
OUT7 = 0 ' Write 0 to output latch
DEBUG "After 0 written to OUT7: ",
BIN1 IN7, CR
OUTPUT 7 ' Make P7 an output
DEBUG "After P7 changed to output: ",
BIN1 IN7
END
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<h1>LCDCMD Example</h1>
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<p>
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2p.gif" border="0" alt="BS2p icon" title="BS2p icon" />
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<p style="text-align: right;">Syntax: <a href="../Commands/LCDCMD.htm" target="" title="" alt="" class="MCXref_0" xrefformat="{paratext}">LCDCMD</a></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
</div>
<p class="clear">&#160;</p>
<p class="PlainText">&#160;</p>
<p>NOTE: This is written for the BS2p and will also run on the BS2pe and BS2px. Modify the $STAMP directive (as required) before downloading to the BS2pe or BS2px.</p><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">' LCDCMD.BSP
' This program demonstrates initialization and printing on a 2 x 16
' character LCD display. The set of "LCD constants", below, are provided
' as pre-defined and useful LCD commands, though not all are actually
' used in this program.
' {$STAMP BS2p}
' {$PBASIC 2.5}
#IF ($STAMP &lt; BS2P) #THEN
#ERROR "Program requires BS2p, BS2pe, or BS2px."
#ENDIF
Lcd PIN 0
LcdCls CON $01 ' clear the LCD
LcdHome CON $02 ' move cursor home
LcdCrsrL CON $10 ' move cursor left
LcdCrsrR CON $14 ' move cursor right
LcdDispL CON $18 ' shift chars left
LcdDispR CON $1C ' shift chars right
LcdDDRam CON $80 ' Display Data RAM
LcdCGRam CON $40 ' Character Generator RAM
LcdLine1 CON $80 ' DDRAM address of line 1
LcdLine2 CON $C0 ' DDRAM address of line 2
Init_LCD:
PAUSE 1000 ' allow LCD to self-initialize first
LCDCMD Lcd, %00110000 ' send wakeup sequence to LCD
PAUSE 5 ' pause required by LCD specs
LCDCMD Lcd, %00110000
PAUSE 0 ' pause required by LCD specs
LCDCMD Lcd, %00110000
PAUSE 0 ' pause required by LCD specs
LCDCMD Lcd, %00100000 ' set data bus to 4-bit mode
LCDCMD Lcd, %00101000 ' set to 2-line mode with 5x8 font
LCDCMD Lcd, %00001100 ' display on without cursor
LCDCMD Lcd, %00000110 ' auto-increment cursor
Main:
DO
LCDOUT Lcd, LcdCls, ["Hello, World!"]
LCDOUT Lcd, LcdLine2, ["How are you?"]
PAUSE 3000
LCDCMD Lcd, LcdCls
PAUSE 500
LOOP
END
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<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2p.gif" border="0" alt="BS2p icon" title="BS2p icon" />
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2pe.gif" border="0" alt="BS2pe icon" title="BS2pe icon" />
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2px.gif" border="0" alt="BS2px icon" title="BS2px icon" />
</p>
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<p style="text-align: right;">Syntax: <a href="../Commands/LCDIN.htm" target="" title="" alt="" class="MCXref_0" xrefformat="{paratext}">LCDIN</a></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
</div>
<p class="clear">&#160;</p>
<p class="PlainText">&#160;</p>
<p>NOTE: This is written for the BS2p and will also run on the BS2pe and BS2px. Modify the $STAMP directive (as required) before downloading to the BS2pe or BS2px.</p><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">' LCDIN.BSP
' This program demonstrates initialization, printing and reading from
' a 2 x 16 character LCD display.
' {$STAMP BS2p}
' {$PBASIC 2.5}
#IF ($STAMP &lt; BS2P) #THEN
#ERROR "Program requires BS2p, BS2pe, or BS2px."
#ENDIF
Lcd PIN 0
LcdCls CON $01 ' clear the LCD
LcdHome CON $02 ' move cursor home
LcdCrsrL CON $10 ' move cursor left
LcdCrsrR CON $14 ' move cursor right
LcdDispL CON $18 ' shift chars left
LcdDispR CON $1C ' shift chars right
LcdDDRam CON $80 ' Display Data RAM
LcdCGRam CON $40 ' Character Generator RAM
LcdLine1 CON $80 ' DDRAM address of line 1
LcdLine2 CON $C0 ' DDRAM address of line 2
char VAR Byte(16)
Init_LCD:
PAUSE 1000 ' allow LCD to self-initialize first
LCDCMD Lcd, %00110000 ' send wakeup sequence to LCD
PAUSE 5 ' pause required by LCD specs
LCDCMD Lcd, %00110000
PAUSE 0 ' pause required by LCD specs
LCDCMD Lcd, %00110000
PAUSE 0 ' pause required by LCD specs
LCDCMD Lcd, %00100000 ' set data bus to 4-bit mode
LCDCMD Lcd, %00101000 ' set to 2-line mode with 5x8 font
LCDCMD Lcd, %00001100 ' display on without cursor
LCDCMD Lcd, %00000110 ' auto-increment cursor
Main:
DO
LCDOUT Lcd, LcdCls, ["Hello!"]
GOSUB Read_LCD_Screen
PAUSE 3000
LCDOUT Lcd, LcdCls, ["I'm a 2x16 LCD!"]
GOSUB Read_LCD_Screen
PAUSE 3000
LOOP
END
Read_LCD_Screen:
DEBUG "LCD now says: "
LCDIN Lcd, LcdLine1, [STR char\16]
DEBUG STR char\16, CR
RETURN
</pre>
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<p style="text-align: right;">Copyright ©&#160;<span class="ContactInfoCompanyName">Parallax Inc.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: right;"><span class="SystemShortDate">8/8/2012</span>
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<h1>LCDOUT Example</h1>
<div class="ImagePlusCaption">
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<p>
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2p.gif" border="0" alt="BS2p icon" title="BS2p icon" />
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2pe.gif" border="0" alt="BS2pe icon" title="BS2pe icon" />
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</p>
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<p style="text-align: right;">Syntax: <a href="../Commands/LCDOUT.htm" target="" title="" alt="" class="MCXref_0" xrefformat="{paratext}">LCDOUT</a></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
</div>
<p class="clear">&#160;</p>
<p class="PlainText">&#160;</p>
<p>NOTE: This is written for the BS2p and will also run on the BS2pe and BS2px. Modify the $STAMP directive (as required) before downloading to the BS2pe or BS2px.</p><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">' LCDOUT.BSP
' This program demonstrates initialization and printing on a 2x16
' character LCD display.
' {$STAMP BS2p}
' {$PBASIC 2.5}
#IF ($STAMP &lt; BS2P) #THEN
#ERROR "Program requires BS2p, BS2pe, or BS2px."
#ENDIF
Lcd PIN 0
LcdCls CON $01 ' clear the LCD
LcdHome CON $02 ' move cursor home
LcdCrsrL CON $10 ' move cursor left
LcdCrsrR CON $14 ' move cursor right
LcdDispL CON $18 ' shift chars left
LcdDispR CON $1C ' shift chars right
LcdDDRam CON $80 ' Display Data RAM
LcdCGRam CON $40 ' Character Generator RAM
LcdLine1 CON $80 ' DDRAM address of line 1
LcdLine2 CON $C0 ' DDRAM address of line 2
Init_LCD:
PAUSE 1000 ' allow LCD to self-initialize first
LCDCMD Lcd, %00110000 ' send wakeup sequence to LCD
PAUSE 5 ' pause required by LCD specs
LCDCMD Lcd, %00110000
PAUSE 0 ' pause required by LCD specs
LCDCMD Lcd, %00110000
PAUSE 0 ' pause required by LCD specs
LCDCMD Lcd, %00100000 ' set data bus to 4-bit mode
LCDCMD Lcd, %00101000 ' set to 2-line mode with 5x8 font
LCDCMD Lcd, %00001100 ' display on without cursor
LCDCMD Lcd, %00000110 ' auto-increment cursor
LCDOUT Lcd, LcdCGRam, ' load custom chracter map
[$00, $0A, $0A, $00, $11, $0E, $06, $00]
Main:
DO
LCDOUT Lcd, LcdCls, ["Hello my friend."]
PAUSE 750
LCDOUT Lcd, LcdLine2, ["How are you?"]
PAUSE 1500
LCDCMD Lcd, LcdCls
LCDOUT Lcd, LcdLine1 + 1, ["I'm doing just"]
LCDOUT Lcd, LcdLine2 + 4, ["fine! ", 0]
PAUSE 2000
LOOP
END
</pre>
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<p style="text-align: right;">Copyright ©&#160;<span class="ContactInfoCompanyName">Parallax Inc.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: right;"><span class="SystemShortDate">8/8/2012</span>
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<h1>LOOKDOWN Examples</h1>
<div class="ImagePlusCaption">
<div class="Col2">
<p>
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon1.gif" border="0" alt="BS1 icon" title="BS1 icon" />
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2.gif" border="0" alt="BS2 icon" title="BS2 icon" />
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2e.gif" border="0" alt="BS2e icon" title="BS2e icon" />
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2sx.gif" border="0" alt="BS2sx icon" title="BS2sx icon" />
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2p.gif" border="0" alt="BS2p icon" title="BS2p icon" />
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</p>
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<p style="text-align: right;">Syntax: <a href="../Commands/LOOKDOWN.htm" target="" title="" alt="" class="MCXref_0" xrefformat="{paratext}">LOOKDOWN</a></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
</div>
<p class="clear">&#160;</p>
<p class="PlainText">&#160;</p><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">' LOOKDOWN.BS1
' This program uses LOOKDOWN followed by LOOKUP to map the numbers:
' 0, 10, 50, 64, 71 and 98 to 35, 40, 58, 62, 79, and 83, respectively.
' All other numbers are mapped to 255.
' {$STAMP BS1}
' {$PBASIC 1.0}
SYMBOL num = W0 ' holds current number
SYMBOL result = W1 ' holds mapped result
Main:
FOR num = 0 TO 100
result = 255 ' default value for no match
LOOKDOWN num, (0, 10, 50, 64, 71, 98), result
LOOKUP result, (35, 40, 58, 62, 79, 83), result
DEBUG "Num = ", #num, "Result = ", #result, CR
PAUSE 100
NEXT
END
</pre>
<p class="PlainText">&#160;</p>
<p>NOTE: The example below is written for the BS2 and will run on any of the BS2-family modules. Modify the $STAMP directive (as required) before downloading to the BS2e, BS2sx, BS2p, BS2pe, or BS2px.</p><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">' LOOKDOWN.BS2
' This program uses LOOKDOWN to determine the number of decimal digits in
' a number. Since LOOKDOWN uses a zero-indexed table, the output will be
' the number of digits minus one, so this gets corrected in the following
' line. Note that zero is considered a valid number and has one digit.
' {$STAMP BS2}
' {$PBASIC 2.5}
aNum VAR Word ' random number
stpSz VAR Word ' FOR-NEXT step size
numDig VAR Nib ' digits in aNum
Setup:
stpSz = 2
Main:
FOR aNum = 0 TO 15000 STEP stpSz
LOOKDOWN aNum, &lt;[0, 10, 100, 1000, 10000, 65535], numDig
' right-justify output
DEBUG "aNum = ", REP " "\(5-numDig), DEC aNum, TAB,
"Digits = ", DEC numDig, CR
PAUSE 250
LOOKDOWN aNum, &lt;[0, 10, 100, 1000, 10000, 65535], stpSz
LOOKUP stpSz, [2, 2, 5, 25, 250, 500, 1000], stpSz
NEXT
END
</pre>
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<p style="text-align: right;">Copyright ©&#160;<span class="ContactInfoCompanyName">Parallax Inc.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: right;"><span class="SystemShortDate">8/8/2012</span>
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<h1>LOOKUP Examples</h1>
<div class="ImagePlusCaption">
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<p>
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon1.gif" border="0" alt="BS1 icon" title="BS1 icon" />
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2.gif" border="0" alt="BS2 icon" title="BS2 icon" />
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2e.gif" border="0" alt="BS2e icon" title="BS2e icon" />
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2sx.gif" border="0" alt="BS2sx icon" title="BS2sx icon" />
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</p>
</div>
<p style="text-align: right;">Syntax: <a href="../Commands/LOOKUP.htm" target="" title="" alt="" class="MCXref_0" xrefformat="{paratext}">LOOKUP</a></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
</div>
<p class="clear">&#160;</p>
<p>&#160;</p><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">' LOOKUP.BS1
' This program uses LOOKUP to create a Debug-window animation of a spinning
' propeller. The animation consists of the four ASCII characters | / - \
' which, when printed rapidly in order at a fixed location, appear to spin.
' A little imagination helps a lot here....
' {$STAMP BS1}
' {$PBAsic 1.0}
SYMBOL idx = B2
SYMBOL frame = B3
Spinner:
LOOKUP idx, ("|/-\"), frame ' lookup current frame character
DEBUG CLS, "Spinner: ", #@frame ' display
idx = idx + 1 // 4 ' update frame index (0..3)
GOTO Spinner ' loop forever
END</pre>
<p class="PlainText">&#160;</p>
<p>NOTE: The example below is written for the BS2 and will run on any of the BS2-family modules. Modify the $STAMP directive (as required) before downloading to the BS2e, BS2sx, BS2p, BS2pe, or BS2px.</p><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">' LOOKUP.BS2
' This program uses LOOKUP to create a Debug-window animation of a spinning
' propeller. The animation consists of the four ASCII characters | / - \
' which, when printed rapidly in order at a fixed location, appear to spin.
' A little imagination helps a lot here....
' {$STAMP BS2}
' {$PBASIC 2.5}
idx VAR Nib
frame VAR Byte
Spinner:
DO
LOOKUP idx, ["|/-\"], frame ' lookup current frame character
DEBUG HOME, "Spinner: ", frame ' display
PAUSE 150 ' pause between frames
idx = idx + 1 // 4 ' update frame index (0..3)
LOOP ' loop forever
END</pre>
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<p style="text-align: right;">Copyright ©&#160;<span class="ContactInfoCompanyName">Parallax Inc.</span></p>
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<h1>NAP Example</h1>
<div class="ImagePlusCaption">
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<p>
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon1.gif" border="0" alt="BS1 icon" title="BS1 icon" />
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2.gif" border="0" alt="BS2 icon" title="BS2 icon" />
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2e.gif" border="0" alt="BS2e icon" title="BS2e icon" />
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</p>
</div>
<p style="text-align: right;">Syntax: <a href="../Commands/NAP.htm" target="" title="" alt="" class="MCXref_0" xrefformat="{paratext}">NAP</a></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
</div>
<p class="clear">&#160;</p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p class="PlainText">Connect an LED and 470 Ω resistor as shown below for the demo program.</p>
<p class="PlainText" style="text-align: center;">
<img src="../../graphics/led_sink.gif" />
</p>
<p>NOTE: The example below is written for the BS2 and will run on any of the BS2-family modules. Modify the $STAMP directive (as required) before downloading to the BS2e, BS2sx, BS2p, BS2pe, or BS2px.</p><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">' NAP.BS2
' The program below lights an LED by placing a low on pin 0. This completes
' the circuit from +5V, through the LED and resistor, to ground. During the
' NAP interval, the LED stays lit, but blinks off for a fraction of a second.
' This blink is caused by the NAP wakeup mechanism. During wakeup, all pins
' briefly slip into input mode, effectively disconnecting them from loads.
' {$STAMP BS2}
Setup:
LOW 0 ' turn LED on
Snooze:
NAP 4 ' nap for 288 ms
GOTO Snooze
END
</pre>
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<p style="text-align: right;">Copyright ©&#160;<span class="ContactInfoCompanyName">Parallax Inc.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: right;"><span class="SystemShortDate">8/8/2012</span>
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<h1>ON...GOSUB Example</h1>
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<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2e.gif" border="0" alt="BS2e icon" title="BS2e icon" />
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<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2px.gif" border="0" alt="BS2px icon" title="BS2px icon" /><span class="code_in_text"> {PBASIC&#160;2.5}</span>
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<p style="text-align: right;">Syntax: <a href="../Commands/NAP.htm" target="" title="" alt="" class="MCXref_0" xrefformat="{paratext}">NAP</a></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
</div>
<p class="clear">&#160;</p>
<p class="PlainText">&#160;</p>
<p>NOTE: The example below is written for the BS2 and will run on any of the BS2-family modules. Modify the $STAMP directive (as required) before downloading to the BS2e, BS2sx, BS2p, BS2pe, or BS2px.</p><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">' ON-GOSUB.BS2
' This program demonstrates a simple task manager that can be used in
' a variety of applications. It is particularly useful in robotics and
' industrial applications. The advantage of this design is that task
' code modules may be called from other places in the program, including
' other tasks, and the overal program flow is maintained.
' {$STAMP BS2}
' {$PBASIC 2.5}
task VAR Nib
Main:
DO
ON task GOSUB Task_0, Task_1, Task_2 ' run current task
task = task + 1 // 3 ' update task pointer
PAUSE 1000
LOOP
END
Task_0:
DEBUG "Running Task 0", CR
RETURN
Task_1:
DEBUG "Running Task 1", CR
RETURN
Task_2:
DEBUG "Running Task 2", CR
RETURN
</pre>
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<h1>ON...GOTO Example</h1>
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<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2.gif" border="0" alt="BS2 icon" title="BS2 icon" />
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2e.gif" border="0" alt="BS2e icon" title="BS2e icon" />
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<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2px.gif" border="0" alt="BS2px icon" title="BS2px icon" /><span class="code_in_text"> {PBASIC&#160;2.5}</span>
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<p style="text-align: right;">Syntax: <a href="../Commands/ON_GOTO.htm" target="" title="" alt="" class="MCXref_0" xrefformat="{paratext}">ON...GOTO</a></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
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<p class="PlainText">&#160;</p>
<p>NOTE: The example below is written for the BS2 and will run on any of the BS2-family modules. Modify the $STAMP directive (as required) before downloading to the BS2e, BS2sx, BS2p, BS2pe, or BS2px.</p><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">' ON-GOTO.BS2
' This program shows how the value of idx controls the destination of the
' ON...GOTO instruction.
' {$STAMP BS2}
' {$PBASIC 2.5}
idx VAR Byte
Main:
DEBUG "idx: ", DEC idx, " "
ON idx GOTO Case_0, Case_1, Case_2 ' if idx = 0..2 goto label
DEBUG "ON..GOTO target error.", CR ' message if idx is out of range
Update:
idx = idx + 1 // 4 ' force idx to be 0..3
PAUSE 1000
GOTO Main
Case_0:
DEBUG "Running Case_0 routine", CR
GOTO Update
Case_1:
DEBUG "Running Case_1 routine", CR
GOTO Update
Case_2:
DEBUG "Running Case_2 routine", CR
GOTO Update
</pre>
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<h1>OWIN / OWOUT Example</h1>
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<p style="text-align: right;">Syntax: <a href="../Commands/OWIN.htm" target="" title="" alt="" class="MCXref_0" xrefformat="{paratext}">OWIN</a>, <a href="../Commands/OWOUT.htm" target="" title="" alt="" class="MCXref_0" xrefformat="{paratext}">OWOUT</a></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
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<p class="PlainText">&#160;</p>
<p class="PlainText">This program uses a Dallas Semiconductor DS1820 Digital Thermometer device connected as follows. Note that the 4.7 kΩ pull-up resistor is required for proper operation.</p>
<p class="PlainText" style="text-align: center;">
<img src="../../graphics/ds1820_sch.gif" />
</p>
<p>NOTE: This is written for the BS2p and will also run on the BS2pe and BS2px. Modify the $STAMP directive (as required) before downloading to the BS2pe or BS2px.</p><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">' OWIN_OWOUT.BSP
' This program demonstrates interfacing to a Dallas Semiconductor DS1822
' 1-Wire Digital Thermometer chip using the BS2p's 1-Wire commands. Connect
' the BS2p/BS2pe/BS2px to the DS1822 as shown in the diagram in the OWIN or
' OWOUT command description. This program uses a simplified approach that
' ignores the fractional portion of the temperature.
' {$STAMP BS2p}
' {$PBASIC 2.5}
DQ PIN 0 ' 1-Wire buss pin
RdROM CON $33 ' read serial number
MatchROM CON $55 ' match SN -- for multiple devices
SkipROM CON $CC ' ignore SN -- use for one device
CvrtTmp CON $44 ' start temperature conversion
RdSP CON $BE ' read DS1822 scratchpad
tempIn VAR Word ' raw temperature
sign VAR tempIn.BIT11 ' 1 = negative temperature
tLo VAR tempIn.BYTE0
tHi VAR tempIn.BYTE1
tSign VAR Bit ' saved sign bit
tempC VAR Word ' final Celsius temp
tempF VAR Word ' final Fahrenheit temp
Main:
DO
GOSUB Get_Temperature ' read temperature from DS1822
DEBUG HOME, ' display
"DS1822", CR,
"------", CR,
SDEC tempC, " C ", CR,
SDEC tempF, " F "
PAUSE 1000
LOOP
END
Get_Temperature:
OWOUT DQ, 1, [SkipROM, CvrtTmp] ' send convert temperatrue command
DO ' wait on conversion
PAUSE 25 ' small loop pad
OWIN DQ, 4, [tempIn] ' check status (bit transfer)
LOOP UNTIL (tempIn) ' 1 when complete
OWOUT DQ, 1, [SkipROM, RdSP] ' read DS1822 scratchpad
OWIN DQ, 2, [tLo, tHi] ' get raw temp data
tSign = sign ' save sign bit
tempC = tempIn &gt;&gt; 4 ' round to whole degrees
tempC.BYTE1 = $FF * tSign ' correct 2's compliment bits
tempF = (ABS tempC) * 9 / 5 ' start F conversion
IF (tSign) THEN ' finish F conversion
tempF = 32 - tempF ' C was negative
ELSE
tempF = tempF + 32 ' C was positive
ENDIF
RETURN
</pre>
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<h1>PAUSE Example</h1>
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<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon1.gif" border="0" alt="BS1 icon" title="BS1 icon" />
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2.gif" border="0" alt="BS2 icon" title="BS2 icon" />
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<p style="text-align: right;">Syntax: <a href="../Commands/PAUSE.htm" target="" title="" alt="" class="MCXref_0" xrefformat="{paratext}">PAUSE</a></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
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<p class="PlainText">&#160;</p>
<p>NOTE: This is written for the BS2 and will run on any BASIC Stamp module. Modify the $STAMP directive (as required) before downloading to the BS1, BS2e, BS2sx, BS2p, BS2pe, or BS2px.</p><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">' PAUSE.BS2
' This program demonstrates the PAUSE command's time delays. Once a second,
' the program will put the message, "Paused..." on the screen.
' {$STAMP BS2}
Main:
DEBUG "Paused...", CR
PAUSE 1000
GOTO Main</pre>
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<h1>POLLIN / POLLOUT / POLLMODE Example</h1>
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</p>
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<p style="text-align: right;">Syntax:<a href="../Commands/POLLIN.htm" target="" title="" alt="" class="MCXref_0" xrefformat="{paratext}">POLLIN</a>, <a href="../Commands/POLLOUT.htm" target="" title="" alt="" class="MCXref_0" xrefformat="{paratext}">POLLOUT</a>, <a href="../Commands/POLLMODE.htm" target="" title="" alt="" class="MCXref_0" xrefformat="{paratext}">POLLMODE</a></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
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<p>&#160;</p>
<p class="PlainText" style="text-align: center;">
<img src="../../graphics/pollin_sch.gif" />
</p>
<p>NOTE: This is written for the BS2p and will also run on the BS2pe and BS2px. Modify the $STAMP directive (as required) before downloading to the BS2pe or BS2px.</p><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">' POLL.BSP
' This program demonstrates POLLIN, POLLOUT, and the use of the POLLMODE
' instruction. Connect active-low inputs to pins 0, 1, 2, and 3. Then
' connect an LED to pin 7. The program will print "." to the Debug
' window until one of the alarm buttons are pressed. This will cause
' the termination of the main loop. At this point the program will
' save the latched bits, clear them (and the polling process), then
' report the input(s) that triggered the alarm.
' {$STAMP BS2p}
' {$PBASIC 2.5}
FDoor PIN 0
BDoor PIN 1
Patio PIN 2
Rst PIN 3
AlarmLed PIN 7
alarms VAR Byte ' alarm bits
idx VAR Nib ' loop control
Setup:
POLLIN FDoor, 0 ' define alarm inputs
POLLIN BDoor, 0
POLLIN Patio, 0
POLLOUT AlarmLed, 1 ' alarm indicator
POLLMODE 10 ' activate latched polling
DEBUG CLS,
"Alarms Activated", CR
Main:
DO
DEBUG "." ' foreground activity
PAUSE 50
LOOP UNTIL (AlarmLed = 1) ' loop until LED is on
GET 128, alarms ' get alarm bits
POLLMODE 0 ' deactivate polling
Report:
DEBUG CLS, ' alarms report
"Front Door : ", CR,
"Back Door : ", CR,
"Patio : ", CR
FOR idx = 0 TO 2 ' scan alarm bits
DEBUG CRSRXY, 13, idx ' move cursor
IF (alarms.LOWBIT(idx)) THEN ' report each bit status
DEBUG "Alarm", CR
ELSE
DEBUG "-", CR
ENDIF
NEXT
DEBUG CR, "Press RESET to clear..."
DO : LOOP UNTIL (Rst = 0) ' wait until Rst pressed
GOTO Setup
END
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<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2p.gif" border="0" alt="BS2p icon" title="BS2p icon" />
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2pe.gif" border="0" alt="BS2pe icon" title="BS2pe icon" />
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<p style="text-align: right;">Syntax: <a href="../Commands/POLLRUN.htm" target="" title="" alt="" class="MCXref_0" xrefformat="{paratext}">POLLRUN</a></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
</div>
<p class="clear">&#160;</p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p>NOTE: This is written for the BS2p and will also run on the BS2pe and BS2px. Modify the $STAMP directive (as required) before downloading to the BS2pe or BS2px.</p><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">' POLLRUN0.BSP
' This program demonstrates the POLLRUN command. It is intended to be
' downloaded to program slot 0, and the program called PROGRUN1.BSP
' should be downloaded to program slot 1. I/O pin 0 is set to watch for
' a low signal. Once the Main routine starts running, the program
' continuously prints it's program slot number to the screen. If I/O
' pin 0 goes low, the program in program slot 1 (which should be
' POLLRUN1.BSP) is run.
' {$STAMP BS2p, POLLRUN1.BSP}
' {$PBASIC 2.5}
pgmSlot VAR Byte
Setup:
POLLIN 0, 0 ' polled-input, look for 0
POLLRUN 1 ' run slot 1 on polled activation
POLLMODE 3 ' enable polling
Main:
GET 127, pgmSlot
DEBUG "Running Program #", DEC pgmSlot.LOWNIB, CR
GOTO Main
END
</pre><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">' POLLRUN1.BSP
' This program demonstrates the POLLRUN command. It is intended to be
' downloaded to program slot 1, and the program called PROGRUN0.BSP
' should be downloaded to program slot 0. This program is run when
' program 0 detects a low on I/O pin 0 via the polled commands.
' {$STAMP BS2p}
' {$PBASIC 2.5}
pgmSlot VAR Byte
Main:
GET 127, pgmSlot
DEBUG "Running Program #", DEC pgmSlot.LOWNIB, CR
GOTO Main
END
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<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2p.gif" border="0" alt="BS2p icon" title="BS2p icon" />
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<p style="text-align: right;">Syntax: <a href="../Commands/POLLWAIT.htm" target="" title="" alt="" class="MCXref_0" xrefformat="{paratext}">POLLWAIT</a></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
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<p class="PlainText">&#160;</p>
<p>NOTE: This is written for the BS2p and will also run on the BS2pe and BS2px. Modify the $STAMP directive (as required) before downloading to the BS2pe or BS2px.</p><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">' POLLWAIT.BSP
' This program demonstrates the POLLWAIT command. I/O pin 0 is set to
' watch for a low signal. Once the Main routine starts running, the
' POLLWAIT command causes the program to halt until the polled event
' happens (I/O pin is low) then it prints a message on the PC screen.
' It will do nothing until I/O pin is low.
' {$STAMP BS2p}
' {$PBASIC 2.5}
Setup:
POLLIN 0, 0 ' polled-input, look for 0
POLLMODE 2 ' enable polling
Main:
POLLWAIT 8 ' Wait for polled event
DEBUG "I/O pin 0 is LOW!", CR ' Print message
GOTO Main
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<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon1.gif" border="0" alt="BS1 icon" title="BS1 icon" /><span class="code_in_text"> {PBASIC&#160;1.0}</span>
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<p style="text-align: right;">Syntax: <a href="../Commands/POT.htm" target="" title="" alt="" class="MCXref_0" xrefformat="{paratext}">POT</a></p>
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<img src="../../graphics/pot_demo_sch.gif" />
</p><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">' POT.BS1
' This program demonstrates the use of the POT command. Connect one side
' of a 10K potiometer to P0. To the other side of the potentiomenter
' connect a 0.1 uF capacitor, and then connect the second side of the
' capacitor to Vss (ground). Before running demo program, use the
' Run | POT Scaling dialog to determine the best Scale factor.
' {$STAMP BS1}
' {$PBASIC 1.0}
SYMBOL PotPin = 0 ' 10K pot connected to P0
SYMBOL Scale = 110 ' scale value for test circuit
SYMBOL level = B2 ' storage of pot "level"
Main:
POT PotPin, Scale, level ' read pot level
DEBUG CLS, "Level = ", #level ' display
PAUSE 50 ' short delay
GOTO Main ' repeat forever
END
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<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon1.gif" border="0" alt="BS1 icon" title="BS1 icon" />
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2.gif" border="0" alt="BS2 icon" title="BS2 icon" />
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2e.gif" border="0" alt="BS2e icon" title="BS2e icon" />
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2sx.gif" border="0" alt="BS2sx icon" title="BS2sx icon" />
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<p style="text-align: right;">Syntax: <a href="../Commands/PULSIN.htm" target="" title="" alt="" class="MCXref_0" xrefformat="{paratext}">PULSIN</a></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
</div>
<p class="clear">&#160;</p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p class="PlainText" style="text-align: center;">
<img src="../../graphics/pulsin_sch.gif" />
</p><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">' PULSIN.BS1
' This program uses PULSIN to measure a pulse generated by discharging a
' 0.1 uF capacitor through a 1K resistor. Pressing the switch generates
' the pulse, which should ideally be approximately 120 us (12 PULSIN units
' of 10 us) long. Variations in component values may produce results that
' are up to 10 units off from this value. For more information on calculating
' resistor-capacitor timing, see the RCTIME command.
' {$STAMP BS1}
' {$PBASIC 1.0}
SYMBOL Pulse = 7 ' pulse input pin
SYMBOL time = W1 ' pulse width (10 uS units)
Main:
PULSIN Pulse, 1, time ' measure positive pulse
IF time = 0 THEN Main ' if 0, try again
DEBUG CLS, time ' else display result
GOTO Main
END
</pre>
<p class="PlainText">&#160;</p>
<p>NOTE: The example below is written for the BS2 and will run on any of the BS2-family modules. Modify the $STAMP directive (as required) before downloading to the BS2e, BS2sx, BS2p, BS2pe, or BS2px.</p><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">' PULSIN.BS2
' This program uses PULSIN to measure a pulse generated by discharging a
' 0.1 uF capacitor through a 1K resistor. Pressing the switch generates
' the pulse, which should ideally be approximately 120 us (60 PULSIN units
' of 2 us) long (for BS2 and BS2e). Variations in component values may
' produce results that are up to 10 units off from this value. For more
' information on calculating resistor-capacitor timing, see the RCTIME
' command.
' {$STAMP BS2}
' {$PBASIC 2.5}
Pulse PIN 7 ' pulse input pin
#SELECT $STAMP
#CASE BS2, BS2E, BS2PE
Scale CON $200 ' 2.0 us per unit
#CASE BS2SX
Scale CON $0CD ' 0.8 us per unit
#CASE BS2P
Scale CON $0C0 ' 0.75 us per unit
#CASE BS2PX
Scale CON $0CF ' 0.81 us per unit
#ENDSELECT
time VAR Word
Main:
PULSIN Pulse, 1, time ' measure positive pulse
IF (time &gt; 0) THEN ' if not 0
DEBUG HOME,
DEC time, " units ", CLREOL ' display raw input
time = time */ Scale ' adjust for Stamp
DEBUG CR,
DEC time, " us " ' display microseconds
ELSE
DEBUG CLS, "Out of Range" ' else error message
ENDIF
PAUSE 200
GOTO Main
END</pre>
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<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon1.gif" border="0" alt="BS1 icon" title="BS1 icon" />
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2.gif" border="0" alt="BS2 icon" title="BS2 icon" />
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2e.gif" border="0" alt="BS2e icon" title="BS2e icon" />
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</p>
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<p style="text-align: right;">Syntax: <a href="../Commands/PULSOUT.htm" target="" title="" alt="" class="MCXref_0" xrefformat="{paratext}">PULSOUT</a></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
</div>
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<p>&#160;</p>
<p class="PlainText" style="text-align: center;">
<img src="../../graphics/led_sink.gif" />
</p>
<p class="PlainText">Connect an LED and 470 Ω resistor as shown below for the demo program.</p><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">' PULSOUT.BS1
' This program blinks an LED on for 25 ms at 1-second intervals. Connect an
' LED (active-low) to I/O pin 0.
' {$STAMP BS1}
' {$PBASIC 1.0}
Setup:
HIGH 0 ' make P0 high (LED off)
Main:
PULSOUT 0, 2500 ' flash LED for 25 ms
PAUSE 1000 ' one second delay
GOTO Main
END
</pre>
<p>NOTE: The example below is written for the BS2 and will run on any of the BS2-family modules. Modify the $STAMP directive (as required) before downloading to the BS2e, BS2sx, BS2p, BS2pe, or BS2px.</p><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">' PULSOUT.BS2
' This program blinks an LED on for 25 ms at 1-second intervals. Connect an
' LED (active-low) to I/O pin 0.
' {$STAMP BS2}
' {$PBASIC 2.5}
#SELECT $STAMP
#CASE BS2, BS2E, BS2PE
Scale CON 500 ' to ms for 2 us per unit
#CASE BS2SX, BS2P, BS2PX
Scale CON 1250 ' to ms for 0.8 us per unit
#ENDSELECT
Flash CON 25 * Scale ' 25 milliseconds
Setup:
HIGH 0 ' make P0 high (LED off)
Main:
PULSOUT 0, Flash ' flash LED
PAUSE 1000 ' one second delay
GOTO Main
END
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<h1>PWM Examples</h1>
<div class="ImagePlusCaption">
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<p>
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon1.gif" border="0" alt="BS1 icon" title="BS1 icon" />
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2.gif" border="0" alt="BS2 icon" title="BS2 icon" />
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2e.gif" border="0" alt="BS2e icon" title="BS2e icon" />
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2sx.gif" border="0" alt="BS2sx icon" title="BS2sx icon" />
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2p.gif" border="0" alt="BS2p icon" title="BS2p icon" />
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2pe.gif" border="0" alt="BS2pe icon" title="BS2pe icon" />
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</p>
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<p style="text-align: right;">Sytnax: <a href="../Commands/PWM.htm" target="" title="" alt="" class="MCXref_0" xrefformat="{paratext}">PWM</a></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
</div>
<p class="clear">&#160;</p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p class="PlainText" style="text-align: center;">
<img src="../../graphics/pwm_sch.gif" />
</p><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">' PWM.BS1
' Connect a voltmeter (such as a digital multimeter set to its voltage
' range) to the output of the circuit shown in the figure for the PWM
' command (in the manual). Run the program and observe the readings on
' the meter. They should come very close to 1.96V, then decrease slightly
' as the capacitor discharges. Try varying the interval between PWM bursts
' (by changing the PAUSE value) and the number of PWM cycles to see their
' effect.
' {$STAMP BS1}
' {$PBASIC 1.0}
Main:
PWM 0, 100, 10 ' PWM at 100/255 duty (~50 ms)
PAUSE 1000 ' wait one second
GOTO Main
END
</pre>
<p class="PlainText">&#160;</p>
<p>NOTE: The example below is written for the BS2 and will run on any of the BS2-family modules. Modify the $STAMP directive (as required) before downloading to the BS2e, BS2sx, BS2p, BS2pe, or BS2px.</p><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">' PWM.BS2
' Connect a voltmeter (such as a digital multimeter set to its voltage
' range) to the output of the circuit shown in the figure for the PWM
' command (in the manual). Run the program and observe the readings on
' the meter. They should come very close to 1.96V, then decrease slightly
' as the capacitor discharges. Try varying the interval between PWM bursts
' (by changing the PAUSE value) and the number of PWM cycles to see their
' effect.
' {$STAMP BS2p}
' {$PBASIC 2.5}
#SELECT $STAMP
#CASE BS2, BS2E
CycAdj CON $100 ' x 1.0, cycle ajustment (for ms)
#CASE BS2SX
CycAdj CON $280 ' x 2.5
#CASE BS2P
CycAdj CON $187 ' x 1.53
#CASE BS2PE
CycAdj CON $09E ' x 0.62
#CASE BS2PX
CycAdj CON $280 ' x 2.5
#ENDSELECT
Cycles CON 50
Main:
PWM 0, 100, (Cycles */ CycAdj) ' PWM at 100/255 duty (~50 ms)
PAUSE 1000 ' wait one second
GOTO Main
END
</pre>
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<h1>RANDOM Examples</h1>
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<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon1.gif" border="0" alt="BS1 icon" title="BS1 icon" />
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2.gif" border="0" alt="BS2 icon" title="BS2 icon" />
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2e.gif" border="0" alt="BS2e icon" title="BS2e icon" />
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<p style="text-align: right;">Syntax: <a href="../Commands/RANDOM.htm" target="" title="" alt="" class="MCXref_0" xrefformat="{paratext}">RANDOM</a></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
</div>
<p class="clear">&#160;</p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p class="PlainText" style="text-align: center;">
<img src="../../graphics/random_sch.gif" />
</p><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">' RANDOM.BS1
' Connect a button to I/O pin 7 as shown in the figure in the RANDOM
' command description and run this program. This program uses RANDOM to
' simulate a coin toss. After 100 trials, it reports the total number of
' heads and tails thrown.
' {$STAMP BS1}
' {$PBASIC 1.0}
SYMBOL Btn = 7 ' button input
SYMBOL flip = W0 ' a random number
SYMBOL coin = BIT0 ' a bit from random number
SYMBOL trials = B2 ' number of flips
SYMBOL heads = B3 ' throws that come up heads
SYMBOL tails = B4 ' throws that come up tails
SYMBOL btnWrk = B5 ' workspace for BUTTON
Start:
DEBUG CLS, "Press the button to toss coin.", CR
Main:
FOR trials = 1 TO 100 ' flip coin 100 times
Hold:
RANDOM flip ' randomize while waiting
BUTTON Btn, 0, 250, 100, btnWrk, 0, Hold ' wait for button press
BRANCH coin, (Head, Tail) ' 0 = heads, 1 = tails
Head:
DEBUG CR, "Heads!"
heads = heads + 1 ' increment heads counter
GOTO Next_Toss
Tail:
DEBUG CR, "Tails..."
tails = tails + 1 ' increment heads counter
Next_Toss:
NEXT
DEBUG CR, CR, "Heads: ", #heads, CR, "Tails: ", #tails
END
</pre>
<p>NOTE: The example below is written for the BS2 and will run on any of the BS2-family modules. Modify the $STAMP directive (as required) before downloading to the BS2e, BS2sx, BS2p, BS2pe, or BS2px.</p><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">' RANDOM.BS2
' Connect a button to I/O pin 7 as shown in the figure in the RANDOM
' command description and run this program. This program uses RANDOM to
' simulate a coin toss. After 100 trials, it reports the total number of
' heads and tails thrown.
' {$STAMP BS2}
' {$PBASIC 2.5}
Btn PIN 7 ' button input
flip VAR Word ' a random number
coin VAR flip.BIT0 ' Bit0 of the random number
trials VAR Byte ' number of flips
heads VAR Byte ' throws that come up heads
tails VAR Byte ' throws that come up tails
btnWrk VAR Byte ' workspace for BUTTON
Start:
DEBUG CLS, "Press button to start"
Main:
FOR trials = 1 TO 100 ' flip coin 100 times
Hold:
RANDOM flip ' randomize while waiting
BUTTON Btin, 0, 250, 100, btnWrk, 0, Hold ' wait for button press
IF (coin = 0) THEN ' 0 = heads, 1 = tails
DEBUG CR, "Heads!"
heads = heads + 1 ' increment heads counter
ELSE
DEBUG CR, "Tails..."
tails = tails + 1 ' increment tails counter
ENDIF
NEXT
Done:
DEBUG CR, CR, "Heads: ", DEC heads, " Tails: ", DEC tails
END</pre>
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<h1>RCTIME Examples</h1>
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<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2.gif" border="0" alt="BS2 icon" title="BS2 icon" />
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2e.gif" border="0" alt="BS2e icon" title="BS2e icon" />
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<p style="text-align: right;">Syntax: <a href="../Commands/RCTIME.htm" target="" title="" alt="" class="MCXref_0" xrefformat="{paratext}">RCTIME</a></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
</div>
<p class="clear">&#160;</p>
<p class="PlainText">&#160;</p>
<p>NOTE: The example below is written for the BS2 and will run on any of the BS2-family modules. Modify the $STAMP directive (as required) before downloading to the BS2e, BS2sx, BS2p, BS2pe, or BS2px.</p>
<p class="PlainText" style="text-align: center;">&#160;</p>
<p class="PlainText" style="text-align: center;">
<img src="../../graphics/rctime_demo_sch.gif" />
</p><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">' RCTIME1.BS2
' This program shows the standard use of the RCTIME instruction measuring
' an RC charge/discharge time. Use the circuit in the RCTIME description
' (in the manual) with R = 10K pot and C = 0.1 uF. Connect the circuit to
' pin 7 and run the program. Adjust the pot and watch the value shown on
' the Debug screen change.
' {$STAMP BS2}
' {$PBASIC 2.5}
RC PIN 7
result VAR Word
Main:
DO
HIGH RC ' charge the cap
PAUSE 1 ' for 1 ms
RCTIME RC, 1, result ' measure RC discharge time
DEBUG HOME, DEC result ' display value
PAUSE 50
LOOP
END
</pre>
<p class="PlainText">&#160;</p>
<p>NOTE: The example below is written for the BS2 and will run on any of the BS2-family modules. Modify the $STAMP directive (as required) before downloading to the BS2e, BS2sx, BS2p, BS2pe, or BS2px.</p>
<p class="PlainText" style="text-align: center;">&#160;</p>
<p class="PlainText" style="text-align: center;">
<img src="../../graphics/rctime2_sch.gif" />
</p><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">' RCTIME2.BS2
' This program illustrates the use of RCTIME as a fast stopwatch. The
' program energizes a relay coil, then measures how long it takes for the
' relay contacts to close. The circuit for this program can be found in
' the manual. Note that RCTIME doesn't start timing instantly -- as with
' all PBASIC instructions, it must be fetched from program EEPROM before
' it can execute.
' {$STAMP BS2}
' {$PBASIC 2.5}
Coil PIN 6
RC PIN 7
#SELECT $STAMP
#CASE BS2, BS2E, BS2PE
Adjust CON $200 ' x 2 us per unit
#CASE BS2SX
Adjust CON $0CC ' x 0.8 us per unit
#CASE BS2P
Adjust CON $0C0 ' x 0.75 us per unit
#CASE BS2PX
Adjust CON $0C0 ' x 0.75 us per unit
#ENDSELECT
result VAR Word
Main:
DO
LOW Coil ' energize relay coil
RCTIME RC, 1, result ' measure time to contact closure
result = result */ Adjust ' adjust for device
DEBUG "Time to close: ",
DEC Result, CR
HIGH Coil ' release relay
PAUSE 1000 ' wait one second
LOOP
END
</pre>
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<h1>READ Examples</h1>
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<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon1.gif" border="0" alt="BS1 icon" title="BS1 icon" />
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<p style="text-align: right;">Syntax: <a href="../Commands/READ.htm" target="" title="" alt="" class="MCXref_0" xrefformat="{paratext}">READ</a></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
</div>
<p class="clear">&#160;</p>
<p class="PlainText">&#160;</p><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">' READ.BS1
' This program reads a string of data stored in EEPROM. The EEPROM data is
' downloaded to the BS1 at compile-time and remains there (even with the
' power off) until overwritten. Put ASCII characters into EEPROM, followed
' by 0, which will serve as the end-of-message marker. For programs with
' multiple strings, use the Memory Map window to find the starting character
' address.
' {$STAMP BS1}
' {$PBASIC 1.0}
SYMBOL strAddr = B2
SYMBOL char = B3
Msg1:
EEPROM ("BS1", 13, "EEPROM Storage!", 0)
Main:
strAddr = 0 ' set to start of message
GOSUB String_Out
END
String_Out:
READ strAddr, char ' read byte from EEPROM
strAddr = strAddr + 1 ' point to next character
IF char = 0 THEN StrOut_Exit ' if 0, exit routine
DEBUG #@char ' otherwise print char
GOTO String_Out ' get next character
StrOut_Exit:
RETURN</pre>
<p class="PlainText">&#160;</p>
<p>NOTE: The example below is written for the BS2 and will run on any of the BS2-family modules. Modify the $STAMP directive (as required) before downloading to the BS2e, BS2sx, BS2p, BS2pe, or BS2px.</p><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">' READ.BS2
' This program reads a string of data stored in EEPROM. The EEPROM data is
' downloaded to the BS2 at compile-time and remains there (even with the
' power off) until overwritten. Put ASCII characters into EEPROM, followed
' by 0, which will serve as the end-of-message marker.
' {$STAMP BS2}
' {$PBASIC 2.5}
strAddr VAR Word
char VAR Byte
Msg1 DATA "BS2", CR, "EEPROM Storage!", 0
Main:
strAddr = Msg ' set to start of message
GOSUB String_Out
END
String_Out:
DO
READ strAddr, char ' read byte from EEPROM
strAddr = strAddr + 1 ' point to next character
IF (char = 0) THEN EXIT ' if 0, exit routine
DEBUG char ' otherwise print char
LOOP
RETURN
</pre>
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<h1>RETURN Example</h1>
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<p>
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon1.gif" border="0" alt="BS1 icon" title="BS1 icon" />
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2.gif" border="0" alt="BS2 icon" title="BS2 icon" />
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2e.gif" border="0" alt="BS2e icon" title="BS2e icon" />
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<p style="text-align: right;">Syntax: <a href="../Commands/RETURN.htm" target="" title="" alt="" class="MCXref_0" xrefformat="{paratext}">RETURN</a></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
</div>
<p class="clear">&#160;</p>
<p class="PlainText">&#160;</p>
<p>NOTE: This is written for the BS2 and will run on any BASIC Stamp module. Modify the $STAMP directive (as required) before downloading to the BS1, BS2e, BS2sx, BS2p, BS2pe, or BS2px.</p><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">' RETURN.BS2
' This program demonstrates a potential bug caused by allowing a program to
' "fall into" a subroutine. The program was intented to indicate that it
' is "Starting...", then "Executing Subroutine,", then "Returned..." from
' the subroutine and stop. Since we left out the END command (indicated in
' the comments), the program then falls into the subroutine, displays
' "Executing..." again and then RETURNs to the start of the program and
' runs continuously in an endless loop.
' {$STAMP BS2}
Reset:
DEBUG "Starting Program", CR ' show start-up
Main:
PAUSE 1000
GOSUB Demo_Sub ' call the subroutine
PAUSE 1000
DEBUG "Returned from Subroutine", CR ' show that we're back
PAUSE 1000
' &lt;-- Forgot to put END here
Demo_Sub:
DEBUG " Executing Subroutine", CR ' show subroutine activity
RETURN</pre>
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<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon1.gif" border="0" alt="BS1 icon" title="BS1 icon" />
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2.gif" border="0" alt="BS2 icon" title="BS2 icon" />
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2e.gif" border="0" alt="BS2e icon" title="BS2e icon" />
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2sx.gif" border="0" alt="BS2sx icon" title="BS2sx icon" />
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2p.gif" border="0" alt="BS2p icon" title="BS2p icon" />
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2pe.gif" border="0" alt="BS2pe icon" title="BS2pe icon" />
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2px.gif" border="0" alt="BS2px icon" title="BS2px icon" /><span class="code_in_text"> {PBASIC&#160;2.5}</span>
</p>
</div>
<p style="text-align: right;">Example</p>
<p>&#160;</p>
</div>
<p class="clear">&#160;</p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p class="PlainText">Connect an LED and two resistors as shown below for the demo program.</p>
<p class="PlainText" style="text-align: center;">
<img src="../../graphics/reverse_sch.gif" />
</p><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">' REVERSE.BS1
' Connect the circuit shown in the REVERSE command description to I/O pin
' 0 and run this program. The LED will alternate between two states, dim
' and bright. The BASIC Stamp is using the REVERSE command to toggling I/O
' pin 0 between input and output states. When pin 0 is an input, current
' flows through R1, through the LED, through R2 to ground. Pin 0 is
' effectively disconnected and doesn't play a part in the circuit. The total
' resistance encountered by current flowing through the LED is R1 + R2 = 1220
' ohms. When pin 0 is reversed to an output, current flows through R1, through
' the LED, and into pin 0 to ground (because of the 0 written to PIN0). The
' total resistance encountered by current flowing through the LED is R1,
' 220 ohms. With only 20% of the resistance, the LED glows brighter.
' {$STAMP BS1}
' {$PBASIC 1.0}
Setup:
PIN0 = 0 ' Put a low in the pin 0
' output driver
Main:
PAUSE 250 ' 1/4th second pause
REVERSE 0 ' reverse pin 0 I/O direction
GOTO Main ' do forever
</pre>
<p>NOTE: The example below is written for the BS2 and will run on any of the BS2-family modules. Modify the $STAMP directive (as required) before downloading to the BS2e, BS2sx, BS2p, BS2pe, or BS2px.</p><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve"> REVERSE.BS2
' Connect the circuit shown in the REVERSE command description to I/O pin
' 0 and run this program. The LED will alternate between two states, dim
' and bright. The BASIC Stamp is using the REVERSE command to toggling I/O
' pin 0 between input and output states. When pin 0 is an input, current
' flows through R1, through the LED, through R2 to ground. Pin 0 is
' effectively disconnected and doesn't play a part in the circuit. The total
' resistance encountered by current flowing through the LED is R1 + R2 = 1220
' ohms. When pin 0 is reversed to an output, current flows through R1, through
' the LED, and into pin 0 to ground (because of the 0 written to OUT0). The
' total resistance encountered by current flowing through the LED is R1,
' 220 ohms. With only 20% of the resistance, the LED glows brighter.
' {$STAMP BS2}
' {$PBASIC 2.5}
Setup:
OUT0 = 0 ' Put a low in the pin 0
' output driver
Main:
PAUSE 250 ' 1/4th second pause
REVERSE 0 ' reverse pin 0 I/O direction
GOTO Main ' do forever
</pre>
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<h1>RUN Example</h1>
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<p>
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2e.gif" border="0" alt="BS2e icon" title="BS2e icon" />
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2sx.gif" border="0" alt="BS2sx icon" title="BS2sx icon" />
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2p.gif" border="0" alt="BS2p icon" title="BS2p icon" />
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<p style="text-align: right;">Syntax: <a href="../Commands/RUN.htm" target="" title="" alt="" class="MCXref_0" xrefformat="{paratext}">RUN</a></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
</div>
<p class="clear">&#160;</p>
<p class="PlainText">&#160;</p>
<p>NOTE: This is written for the BS2sx and will also run on the BS2e, BS2p, BS2pe, and BS2px. Modify the $STAMP directive (as required) before downloading to the BS2e, BS2p, BS2pe, or BS2px.</p><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">' RUN1.BSX
' This example demonstrates the use of the RUN command. First, the SPRAM
' location that holds the current slot is read using the GET command to
' display the currently running program number. Then a set of values (based
' on the program number) are displayed on the screen. Afterwards, program
' number 1 is run. This program is a BS2sx project consisting of RUN1.BSX
' and RUN2.BSX, but will run on all multi-slot BASIC Stamp models.
' {$STAMP BS2sx, RUN2.BSX}
' {$PBASIC 2.5}
#SELECT $STAMP ' set SPRAM of slot number
#CASE BS2
#ERROR "Multi-slot BASIC Stamp required."
#CASE BS2E, BS2SX
Slot CON 63
#CASE BS2P, BS2PE, BS2PX
Slot CON 127
#ENDSELECT
slotNum VAR Nib ' current slot
idx VAR Nib ' loop counter
value VAR Byte ' value from EEPROM
EEtable DATA 100, 40, 80, 32, 90
DATA 200, 65, 23, 77, 91
Setup:
GET Slot, slotNum ' read current slot
DEBUG "Program #", DEC slotNum, CR ' display
Main:
FOR idx = 0 TO 4 ' read/display table values
READ (slotNum * 5) + idx, value
DEBUG DEC3 value, " "
NEXT
DEBUG CR
PAUSE 1000
RUN 1 ' run Slot 1 pgm
</pre>
<p class="PlainText" xml:space="preserve">&#160;</p><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">' RUN2.BSX
' This example demonstrates the use of the RUN command. First, the SPRAM
' location that holds the current slot is read using the GET command to
' display the currently running program number. Then a set of values (based
' on the program number) are displayed on the screen. Afterwards, program
' number 0 is run. This program is a BS2sx project consisting of RUN1.BSX
' and RUN2.BSX, but will run on all multi-slot BASIC Stamp models.
' {$STAMP BS2sx}
' {$PBASIC 2.5}
#SELECT $STAMP ' set SPRAM of slot number
#CASE BS2
#ERROR "Multi-slot BASIC Stamp required."
#CASE BS2E, BS2SX
Slot CON 63
#CASE BS2P, BS2PE, BS2PX
Slot CON 127
#ENDSELECT
slotNum VAR Nib ' current slot
idx VAR Nib ' loop counter
value VAR Byte ' value from EEPROM
EEtable DATA 100, 40, 80, 32, 90
DATA 200, 65, 23, 77, 91
Setup:
GET Slot, slotNum ' read current slot
DEBUG "Program #", DEC slotNum, CR ' display
Main:
FOR idx = 0 TO 4 ' read/display table values
READ (slotNum * 5) + idx, value
DEBUG DEC3 value, " "
NEXT
DEBUG CR
PAUSE 1000
RUN 0 ' back to Slot 0 pgm
</pre>
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<h1>SELECT...CASE Example</h1>
<div class="ImagePlusCaption">
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<p>
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2.gif" border="0" alt="BS2 icon" title="BS2 icon" />
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2e.gif" border="0" alt="BS2e icon" title="BS2e icon" />
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2sx.gif" border="0" alt="BS2sx icon" title="BS2sx icon" />
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<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2px.gif" border="0" alt="BS2px icon" title="BS2px icon" /><span class="code_in_text"> {PBASIC&#160;2.5}</span>
</p>
</div>
<p style="text-align: right;">Syntax:<a href="../Commands/SELECT_CASE.htm" target="" title="" alt="" class="MCXref_0" xrefformat="{paratext}">SELECT...CASE</a> <![CDATA[ ]]></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
</div>
<p class="clear">&#160;</p>
<p class="PlainText">&#160;</p>
<p>NOTE: The example below is written for the BS2 and will run on any of the BS2-family modules. Modify the $STAMP directive (as required) before downloading to the BS2e, BS2sx, BS2p, BS2pe, or BS2px.</p><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">' SELECT-CASE.BS2
' This program generates a series of 16-bit random numbers and tests each
' to determine odd or even, and where it falls in the possible range:
' lower third, middle third, or upper third. The program is useful for
' testing various seed values for RANDOM.
' {$STAMP BS2}
' {$PBASIC 2.5}
test VAR Byte ' counter for tests
sample VAR Word ' random number to be tested
odd VAR Byte ' odd throws
even VAR Byte ' even throws
isLo VAR Byte ' sample in lower third
isMid VAR Byte ' in middle thrid
isHi VAR Byte ' in upper third
Main:
sample = 11000 ' initialize seed
FOR test = 1 TO 100 ' "throw" 100 times
RANDOM sample ' randomize
IF (sample.BIT0) THEN ' check odd/even bit
odd = odd + 1 ' increment odd count
ELSE
even = even + 1 ' increment even count
ENDIF
SELECT sample
CASE &lt;= 21845 ' test lower third
isLo = isLo + 1
CASE 21846 TO 43691 ' test middle third
isMid = isMid + 1
CASE ELSE ' otherwise upper third
isHi = isHi + 1
ENDSELECT
NEXT
Show_Results:
DEBUG CLS,
"Odd Throws.... ", DEC odd, "%", CR,
"Even Throws... ", DEC even, "%", CR,
"Low........... ", DEC isLo, "%", CR,
"Mid........... ", DEC isMid, "%", CR,
"High.......... ", DEC isHi, "%", CR
END</pre>
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<div class="ImagePlusCaption">
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<p>
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon1.gif" border="0" alt="BS1 icon" title="BS1 icon" />
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2.gif" border="0" alt="BS2 icon" title="BS2 icon" />
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2e.gif" border="0" alt="BS2e icon" title="BS2e icon" />
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2sx.gif" border="0" alt="BS2sx icon" title="BS2sx icon" />
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</p>
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<p style="text-align: right;">Syntax: <a href="../Commands/SERIN.htm" target="" title="" alt="" class="MCXref_0" xrefformat="{paratext}">SERIN</a></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
</div>
<p class="clear">&#160;</p>
<p>&#160;</p><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">' SERIN.BS1
' This program waits for the characters "A", "B", "C", and "D" to arrive
' at the serial input (inverted, 2400 baud, N81), followed by a number,
' then a carriage-return or some other non-number character. The number is
' then displayed in the Debug window.
' {$STAMP BS1}
' {$PBASIC 1.0}
SYMBOL SIn = 0
SYMBOL Baud = N2400
SYMBOL result = W1
Main:
SERIN SIn, Baud, ("ABCD"), #result
DEBUG #result, CR
GOTO Main
END</pre>
<p class="PlainText">&#160;</p>
<p>NOTE: The example below is written for the BS2 and will run on any of the BS2-family modules. Modify the $STAMP directive (as required) before downloading to the BS2e, BS2sx, BS2p, BS2pe, or BS2px.</p>
<p class="PlainText">
<img src="../../graphics/flow_ctrl_sch.gif" />
</p><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">' SERIN_SEROUT1.BS2
' Using two BS2-IC's, connect the circuit shown in the SERIN command
' description and run this program on the BASIC Stamp designated as the
' Sender. This program demonstrates the use of Flow Control (FPin).
' Without flow control, the sender would transmit the whole word "Hello!"
' in about 1.5 ms. The receiver would catch the first byte at most; by the
' time it got back from the first 1-second PAUSE, the rest of the data
' would be long gone. With flow control, communication is flawless since
' the sender waits for the receiver to catch up.
' {$STAMP BS2}
' {$PBASIC 2.5}
SO PIN 1 ' serial output
FC PIN 0 ' flow control pin
#SELECT $STAMP
#CASE BS2, BS2E, BS2PE
T1200 CON 813
T2400 CON 396
T9600 CON 84
T19K2 CON 32
T38K4 CON 6
#CASE BS2SX, BS2P
T1200 CON 2063
T2400 CON 1021
T9600 CON 240
T19K2 CON 110
T38K4 CON 45
#CASE BS2PX
T1200 CON 3313
T2400 CON 1646
T9600 CON 396
T19K2 CON 188
T38K4 CON 84
#ENDSELECT
Inverted CON $4000
Open CON $8000
Baud CON T38K4 + Inverted
Main:
DO
SEROUT SO\FC, Baud, ["Hello!", CR] ' send the greeting
PAUSE 2500 ' wait 2.5 seconds
LOOP ' repeat forever
END
</pre>
<p class="PlainText">&#160;</p><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">' SERIN_SEROUT2.BS2
' Using two BS2-IC's, connect the circuit shown in the SERIN command
' description and run this program on the BASIC Stamp designated as the
' Receiver. This program demonstrates the use of Flow Control (FPin).
' Without flow control, the sender would transmit the whole word "Hello!"
' in about 1.5 ms. The receiver would catch the first byte at most; by the
' time it got back from the first 1-second PAUSE, the rest of the data
' would be long gone. With flow control, communication is flawless since
' the sender waits for the receiver to catch up.
' {$STAMP BS2}
' {$PBASIC 2.5}
SI PIN 1 ' serial input
FC PIN 0 ' flow control pin
#SELECT $STAMP
#CASE BS2, BS2E, BS2PE
T1200 CON 813
T2400 CON 396
T9600 CON 84
T19K2 CON 32
T38K4 CON 6
#CASE BS2SX, BS2P
T1200 CON 2063
T2400 CON 1021
T9600 CON 240
T19K2 CON 110
T38K4 CON 45
#CASE BS2PX
T1200 CON 3313
T2400 CON 1646
T9600 CON 396
T19K2 CON 188
T38K4 CON 84
#ENDSELECT
Inverted CON $4000
Open CON $8000
Baud CON T38K4 + Inverted
letter VAR Byte
Main:
DO
SERIN SI\FC, Baud, [letter] ' recieve one byte
DEBUG letter ' display on screen
PAUSE 1000 ' wait one second
LOOP ' repeat forever
END
</pre>
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<p style="text-align: right;">Syntax: <a href="../Commands/SEROUT.htm" target="" title="" alt="" class="MCXref_0" xrefformat="{paratext}">SEROUT</a></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
</div>
<p class="clear">&#160;</p>
<p>&#160;</p><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">' SEROUT.BS1
' This program transmits the string "ABCD" followed by a number and a
' carriage-return at 2400 baud, inverted, N81 format.
' {$STAMP BS1}
' {$PBASIC 1.0}
SYMBOL SOut = 1
SYMBOL Baud = N2400
SYMBOL value = W1
Setup:
value = 1
Main:
SEROUT SOut, Baud, ("ABCD", #value)
value = value + 1
PAUSE 250
GOTO Main
END
</pre>
<p class="PlainText">&#160;</p>
<p>NOTE: The example below is written for the BS2 and will run on any of the BS2-family modules. Modify the $STAMP directive (as required) before downloading to the BS2e, BS2sx, BS2p, BS2pe, or BS2px.</p>
<p class="PlainText" style="text-align: center;">
<img src="../../graphics/flow_ctrl_sch.gif" />
</p><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">' SERIN_SEROUT1.BS2
' Using two BS2-IC's, connect the circuit shown in the SERIN command
' description and run this program on the BASIC Stamp designated as the
' Sender. This program demonstrates the use of Flow Control (FPin).
' Without flow control, the sender would transmit the whole word "Hello!"
' in about 1.5 ms. The receiver would catch the first byte at most; by the
' time it got back from the first 1-second PAUSE, the rest of the data
' would be long gone. With flow control, communication is flawless since
' the sender waits for the receiver to catch up.
' {$STAMP BS2}
' {$PBASIC 2.5}
SO PIN 1 ' serial output
FC PIN 0 ' flow control pin
#SELECT $STAMP
#CASE BS2, BS2E, BS2PE
T1200 CON 813
T2400 CON 396
T9600 CON 84
T19K2 CON 32
T38K4 CON 6
#CASE BS2SX, BS2P
T1200 CON 2063
T2400 CON 1021
T9600 CON 240
T19K2 CON 110
T38K4 CON 45
#CASE BS2PX
T1200 CON 3313
T2400 CON 1646
T9600 CON 396
T19K2 CON 188
T38K4 CON 84
#ENDSELECT
Inverted CON $4000
Open CON $8000
Baud CON T38K4 + Inverted
Main:
DO
SEROUT SO\FC, Baud, ["Hello!", CR] ' send the greeting
PAUSE 2500 ' wait 2.5 seconds
LOOP ' repeat forever
END
' SERIN_SEROUT2.BS2
</pre><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">' SERIN_SEROUT2.BS2
' Using two BS2-IC's, connect the circuit shown in the SERIN command
' description and run this program on the BASIC Stamp designated as the
' Receiver. This program demonstrates the use of Flow Control (FPin).
' Without flow control, the sender would transmit the whole word "Hello!"
' in about 1.5 ms. The receiver would catch the first byte at most; by the
' time it got back from the first 1-second PAUSE, the rest of the data
' would be long gone. With flow control, communication is flawless since
' the sender waits for the receiver to catch up.
' {$STAMP BS2}
' {$PBASIC 2.5}
SI PIN 0 ' serial input
FC PIN 1 ' flow control pin
#SELECT $STAMP
#CASE BS2, BS2E, BS2PE
T1200 CON 813
T2400 CON 396
T9600 CON 84
T19K2 CON 32
T38K4 CON 6
#CASE BS2SX, BS2P
T1200 CON 2063
T2400 CON 1021
T9600 CON 240
T19K2 CON 110
T38K4 CON 45
#CASE BS2PX
T1200 CON 3313
T2400 CON 1646
T9600 CON 396
T19K2 CON 188
T38K4 CON 84
#ENDSELECT
Inverted CON $4000
Open CON $8000
Baud CON T38K4 + Inverted
letter VAR Byte
Main:
DO
SERIN SI/FC, Baud, [letter] ' recieve one byte
DEBUG letter ' display on screen
PAUSE 1000 ' wait one second
LOOP ' repeat forever
END
</pre>
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<h1>SHIFTIN Example</h1>
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<p>
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2.gif" border="0" alt="BS2 icon" title="BS2 icon" />
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2e.gif" border="0" alt="BS2e icon" title="BS2e icon" />
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<p style="text-align: right;">Syntax: <a href="../Commands/SHIFTIN.htm" target="" title="" alt="" class="MCXref_0" xrefformat="{paratext}">SHIFTIN</a></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
</div>
<p class="clear">&#160;</p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p class="PlainText" style="text-align: center;">
<img src="../../graphics/ADC0831_sch.gif" />
</p>
<p>NOTE: The example below is written for the BS2 and will run on any of the BS2-family modules. Modify the $STAMP directive (as required) before downloading to the BS2e, BS2sx, BS2p, BS2pe, or BS2px.</p><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">' SHIFTIN.BS2
' This program uses the SHIFTIN instruction to interface with the ADC0831
' 8-bit analog-to-digital converter from National Semiconductor.
' {$STAMP BS2}
' {$PBASIC 2.5}
CS PIN 0 ' chip select
AData PIN 1 ' data pin
Clk PIN 2 ' clock pin
adcRes VAR Byte ' ADC result
Setup:
HIGH CS ' deselect ADC
' In the loop below, just three lines of code are required to read the
' ADC0831. The SHIFTIN command does most of the work. The mode argument in
' the SHIFTIN command specifies MSB or LSB-first and whether to sample data
' before or after the clock. In this case, we chose MSB-first, post-clock.
' The ADC0831 precedes its data output with a dummy bit, which we take care
' of by specifying 9 bits of data instead of 8.
Main:
DO
LOW CS ' activate the ADC0831
SHIFTIN AData, Clk, MSBPOST, [adcRes\9] ' shift in the data
HIGH CS ' deactivate ADC0831
DEBUG ? adcRes ' show conversion result
PAUSE 1000 ' wait one second
LOOP ' repeat
END
</pre>
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<h1>SHIFTOUT Example</h1>
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<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2.gif" border="0" alt="BS2 icon" title="BS2 icon" />
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2e.gif" border="0" alt="BS2e icon" title="BS2e icon" />
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<p style="text-align: right;">Syntax: <a href="../Commands/SHIFTOUT.htm" target="" title="" alt="" class="MCXref_0" xrefformat="{paratext}">SHIFTOUT</a></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
</div>
<p class="clear">&#160;</p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p class="PlainText" style="text-align: center;">
<img src="../../graphics/74HC595_sch.gif" />
</p>
<p>NOTE: The example below is written for the BS2 and will run on any of the BS2-family modules. Modify the $STAMP directive (as required) before downloading to the BS2e, BS2sx, BS2p, BS2pe, or BS2px.</p><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">' SHIFTOUT.BS2
' This program uses the SHIFTOUT command to interface to the 74HC595 shift
' register as an 8-bit output port. The '595 requires a minimum of three
' inputs: data, clock, and latch. See the figure in the SHIFTOUT command
' description in the manual for wiring information. SHIFTOUT automatically
' handles the data and clock, pulsing the clock to shift data bits into the
' '595. An extra step (pulsing the latch input) is required to move the
' shifted bits in parallel onto the '595's output pins. Note: this code does
' not control the output-enable or reset lines of the '595. This means that
' before the BASIC Stamp first sends, the '595's output latches are turned
' on and may contain random data. In critical applications, you should hold
' output-enable high (disabled) until the BASIC Stamp can take control.
' {$STAMP BS2}
' {$PBASIC 2.5}
Dpin PIN 0 ' data pin to 74HC595
Clk PIN 1 ' shift clock to 74HC595
Latch PIN 2 ' latch 74HC595 outputs
counter VAR Byte
Setup:
LOW Latch ' initialize latch output
' This loop moves the 8-bit value 'counter' onto the output lines of the
' '595, pauses, then increments counter and repeats. The data is shifted
' MSB first so that the MSB appears on pin QH and the lsb on QA. Changing
' MSBFIRST to LSBFIRST causes the data to appear backwards on the outputs.
Main:
DO
SHIFTOUT Dpin, Clk, MSBFIRST, [counter] ' send the bits
PULSOUT Latch, 1 ' transfer to outputs
PAUSE 100 ' Wait 0.1 seconds
counter = counter + 1 ' increment counter
LOOP
END</pre>
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<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon1.gif" border="0" alt="BS1 icon" title="BS1 icon" />
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2.gif" border="0" alt="BS2 icon" title="BS2 icon" />
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<p style="text-align: right;">Syntax: <a href="../Commands/SLEEP.htm" target="" title="" alt="" class="MCXref_0" xrefformat="{paratext}">SLEEP</a></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
</div>
<p class="clear">&#160;</p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p class="PlainText">Connect an LED and 470 Ω resistor as shown below for the demo program.</p>
<p class="PlainText" style="text-align: center;">
<img src="../../graphics/led_sink.gif" />
</p>
<p>NOTE: This is written for the BS2 and will run on any BASIC Stamp module. Modify the $STAMP directive (as required) before downloading to the BS1, BS2e, BS2sx, BS2p, BS2pe, or BS2px.</p><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">' SLEEP.BS2
' This program lights an LED and then goes to sleep. Connect an LED to pin
' 0 as shown in the description of SLEEP in the manual and run the program.
' The LED will turn on, then the BASIC Stamp will go to sleep. During sleep,
' the LED will remain on, but will blink at intervals of approximately 2.3
' seconds due to the watchdog timeout and reset.
' {$STAMP BS2}
Setup:
LOW 0 ' turn LED on
Snooze:
SLEEP 10 ' sleep for approximately 10 seconds
GOTO Snooze
END
</pre>
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<h1>SOUND Example</h1>
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<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon1.gif" border="0" alt="BS1 icon" title="BS1 icon" /><span class="code_in_text"> {PBASIC&#160;1.0}</span>
</p>
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<p style="text-align: right;">Syntax: <a href="../Commands/SOUND.htm" target="" title="" alt="" class="MCXref_0" xrefformat="{paratext}">SOUND</a></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
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<p>&#160;</p><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">' SOUND.BS1
' This program generates a constant tone 25 followed by an ascending tones.
' Both the tones have the same duration.
' {$STAMP BS1}
' {$PBASIC 1.0}
SYMBOL tone = B2
Main:
FOR tone = 0 TO 255
SOUND 0, (25, 10, tone, 10)
NEXT
END</pre>
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<h1>STOP Example</h1>
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<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2.gif" border="0" alt="BS2 icon" title="BS2 icon" />
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2e.gif" border="0" alt="BS2e icon" title="BS2e icon" />
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<p style="text-align: right;">Syntax: <a href="../Commands/STOP.htm" target="" title="" alt="" class="MCXref_0" xrefformat="{paratext}">STOP</a></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
</div>
<p class="clear">&#160;</p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p class="PlainText" style="text-align: center;">
<img src="../../graphics/led_sink.gif" />
</p>
<p>NOTE: This is written for the BS2p and will also run on the BS2pe and BS2px. Modify the $STAMP directive (as required) before downloading to the BS2pe or BS2px.</p><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">' STOP.BS2
' This program is similar to SLEEP.BS2 except that the LED will not blink
' since the BASIC Stamp does not go into low power mode. Use the circuit
' shown in the description of the SLEEP command for this example.
' {$STAMP BS2}
' {$PBASIC 2.5}
Main:
LOW 0 ' turn LED on
STOP </pre>
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<p style="text-align: right;">Copyright ©&#160;<span class="ContactInfoCompanyName">Parallax Inc.</span></p>
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<h1>STORE Examples</h1>
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<p>
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2p.gif" border="0" alt="BS2p icon" title="BS2p icon" />
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2pe.gif" border="0" alt="BS2pe icon" title="BS2pe icon" />
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<p style="text-align: right;">Syntax: <a href="../Commands/STORE.htm" target="" title="" alt="" class="MCXref_0" xrefformat="{paratext}">STORE</a></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
</div>
<p class="clear">&#160;</p>
<p class="PlainText">&#160;</p>
<p>NOTE: This is written for the BS2p and will also run on the BS2pe and BS2px. Modify the $STAMP directive (as required) before downloading to the BS2pe or BS2px.</p><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">' STORE0.BSP
' This program demonstrates the STORE command and how it affects the READ
' and WRITE commands. This program "STORE0.BSP" is intended to be down-
' loaded into program slot 0. It is meant to work with STORE1.BSP and
' STORE2.BSP. Each program is very similar (they display the current
' Program Slot and READ/WRITE Slot numbers and the values contained in the
' first five EEPROM locations. Each program slot will have different data
' due to different DATA commands in each of the programs downloaded.
' {$STAMP BS2p, STORE1.BSP, STORE2.BSP}
' {$PBASIC 2.5}
#IF ($STAMP &lt; BS2P) #THEN
#ERROR "This program requires BS2p, BS2pe, or BS2px"
#ENDIF
idx VAR Word ' index
value VAR Byte
LocalData DATA @0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Main:
GOSUB Show_Slot_Info ' show slot info/data
PAUSE 2000
STORE 1 ' point READ/WRITE to Slot 1
GOSUB Show_Slot_Info
PAUSE 2000
RUN 1 ' run program in Slot 1
END
Show_Slot_Info:
GET 127, value
DEBUG CR, "Pgm Slot: ", DEC value.NIB0,
CR, "R/W Slot: ", DEC value.NIB1,
CR, CR
FOR idx = 0 TO 4
READ idx, value
DEBUG "Location: ", DEC idx, TAB,
"Value: ", DEC3 value, CR
NEXT
RETURN
</pre><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">' STORE1.BSP
' {$STAMP BS2p}
' {$PBASIC 2.5}
idx VAR Word ' index
value VAR Byte
LocalData DATA @0, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
Main:
GOSUB Show_Slot_Info ' show slot info/data
PAUSE 2000
STORE 0 ' point READ/WRITE to Slot 0
GOSUB Show_Slot_Info
PAUSE 2000
RUN 2 ' run program in Slot 2
END
Show_Slot_Info:
GET 127, value
DEBUG CR, "Pgm Slot: ", DEC value.NIB0,
CR, "R/W Slot: ", DEC value.NIB1,
CR, CR
FOR idx = 0 TO 4
READ idx, value
DEBUG "Location: ", DEC idx, TAB,
"Value: ", DEC3 value, CR
NEXT
RETURN
</pre><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">' STORE2.BSP
' {$STAMP BS2p}
' {$PBASIC 2.5}
idx VAR Word ' index
value VAR Byte
LocalData DATA @0, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15
Main:
GOSUB Show_Slot_Info ' show slot info/data
PAUSE 2000
STORE 0 ' point READ/WRITE to Slot 0
GOSUB Show_Slot_Info
END
Show_Slot_Info:
GET 127, value
DEBUG CR, "Pgm Slot: ", DEC value.NIB0,
CR, "R/W Slot: ", DEC value.NIB1,
CR, CR
FOR idx = 0 TO 4
READ idx, value
DEBUG "Location: ", DEC idx, TAB,
"Value: ", DEC3 value, CR
NEXT
RETURN
</pre>
<p class="PlainText">&#160;</p>
<p class="PlainText">The next program, STOREALL.BSP, is not related to the previous three programs. STOREALL.BSP demonstrates the use of the <span class="keyword_in_text">STORE</span> command to treat contiguous program slots as one block of memory (14 kBytes for the BS2p and BS2px, 30 kBytes for the BS2pe). This illustrates one of the most powerful uses of the <span class="keyword_in_text">STORE</span> command.</p>
<p>NOTE: This is written for the BS2p and will also run on the BS2pe and BS2px. Modify the $STAMP directive (as required) before downloading to the BS2pe or BS2px.</p><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">' STOREALL.BSP
' This program demonstrates the STORE command and how it can be used to
' "flatten" the EEPROM space for applications requiring a lot of storage.
' This program writes to EEPROM locations within program slots 1 through 7
' on the BS2p and BS2px, and 1 through 15 on the BS2pe, thus, has access
' to 14- or 30-kBytes of space.
' {$STAMP BS2p}
' {$PBASIC 2.5}
#SELECT $STAMP
#CASE BS2, BS2E, BS2SX
#ERROR "This program requires BS2p, BS2pe, or BS2px"
#CASE BS2P, BS2PX
HiSlot CON 7
#CASE BS2PE
HiSlot CON 15
#ENDSELECT
LoSlot CON 1 ' first slot for "flat" EE
MemSize CON HiSlot - LoSlot + 1 * 2048
eeAddr VAR Word ' address pointer
value VAR Word ' cell value
slot VAR Byte ' current R/W slot
Main:
DEBUG "Flat Memory", CR,
"---------------------", CR,
"First Slot..... ", DEC LoSlot, CR,
"Last Slot...... ", DEC HiSlot, CR,
"Flat EE Size... ", DEC MemSize, CR, CR
PAUSE 2000
DEBUG "Writing to flat Memory...", CR
PAUSE 1000
FOR eeAddr = 0 TO (MemSize - 1) STEP 128 ' step through "flat" EE
value = eeAddr * 2 ' generate value
GOSUB Write_Word ' write it
GET 127, slot ' get R/W slot
DEBUG "--&gt; Location: ", DEC5 eeAddr, " ", ' show "flat" address
"Value: ", DEC5 value, " ", ' show value
"(", DEC slot.NIB1, ")", CR ' show slot
NEXT
DEBUG CR
DEBUG "Reading from flat Memory...", CR
PAUSE 1000
FOR eeAddr = 0 TO (MemSize - 1) STEP 128
GOSUB Read_Word ' read value from EE
GET 127, slot ' get W/R slot
DEBUG "&lt;-- Location: ", DEC5 eeAddr, " ",
"Value: ", DEC5 value, " ",
"(", DEC slot.NIB1, ") "
IF (value &lt;&gt; (2 * eeAddr)) THEN ' verify location
DEBUG "- Error"
ENDIF
DEBUG CR
NEXT
END
Write_Word:
STORE (eeAddr &gt;&gt; 11) + LoSlot ' set slot
WRITE eeAddr, Word value ' write value
RETURN
Read_Word:
STORE (eeAddr &gt;&gt; 11) + LoSlot ' set slot
READ eeAddr, Word value ' read value
RETURN
</pre>
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<h1>TOGGLE Examples</h1>
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<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon1.gif" border="0" alt="BS1 icon" title="BS1 icon" />
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2.gif" border="0" alt="BS2 icon" title="BS2 icon" />
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2e.gif" border="0" alt="BS2e icon" title="BS2e icon" />
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</p>
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<p style="text-align: right;">Syntax: <a href="../Commands/TOGGLE.htm" target="" title="" alt="" class="MCXref_0" xrefformat="{paratext}">TOGGLE</a></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
</div>
<p class="clear">&#160;</p>
<p>&#160;</p>
<p class="PlainText">Connect four LEDs and four 470 Ω resistors as show below for the demo program.</p>
<p class="PlainText" style="text-align: center;">
<img src="../../graphics/toggle_sch.gif" />
</p><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">' TOGGLE.BS1
' Connect LEDs to pins 0 through 3 as shown in the TOGGLE command descrip-
' tion in the manual and run this program. The TOGGLE command will treat
' you to a light show. You may also run the demo without LEDs. The Debug
' window will show you the states of pins 0 through 3.
' {$STAMP BS1}
' {$PBASIC 1.0}
SYMBOL thePin = B0 ' pin 0 - 3
Setup:
DIRS = %1111 ' make LEDs output, low
Main:
FOR thePin = 0 TO 3 ' loop through pins
TOGGLE thePin ' toggle current pin
DEBUG CLS, %PINS ' show on Debug
PAUSE 100 ' short delay
NEXT
GOTO Main ' repeat forever
END
</pre>
<p class="PlainText">&#160;</p>
<p>NOTE: The example below is written for the BS2 and will run on any of the BS2-family modules. Modify the $STAMP directive (as required) before downloading to the BS2e, BS2sx, BS2p, BS2pe, or BS2px.</p><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">' TOGGLE.BS2
' Connect LEDs to pins 0 through 3 as shown in the TOGGLE command descrip-
' tion in the manual and run this program. The TOGGLE command will treat
' you to a light show. You may also run the demo without LEDs. The Debug
' window will show you the states of pins 0 through 3.
' {$STAMP BS2}
' {$PBASIC 2.5}
thePin VAR Nib ' pin 0 - 3
Setup:
DIRA = %1111 ' make LEDs output, low
Main:
DO
FOR thePin = 0 TO 3 ' loop through pins
TOGGLE thePin ' toggle current pin
DEBUG HOME, BIN4 OUTA ' show on Debug
PAUSE 250 ' short delay
NEXT
LOOP ' repeat forever
END
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<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon1.gif" border="0" alt="BS1 icon" title="BS1 icon" />
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2.gif" border="0" alt="BS2 icon" title="BS2 icon" />
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2e.gif" border="0" alt="BS2e icon" title="BS2e icon" />
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</p>
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<p style="text-align: right;">Syntax: <a href="../Commands/WRITE.htm" target="" title="" alt="" class="MCXref_0" xrefformat="{paratext}">WRITE</a></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
</div>
<p class="clear">&#160;</p>
<p class="PlainText">&#160;</p><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">' WRITE.BS1
' This program writes a few bytes to EEPROM and then reads them back out
' and displays them in the Debug window.
' {$STAMP BS1}
' {$PBASIC 1.0}
SYMBOL addr = B2 ' address
SYMBOL value = B3 ' value
Main:
WRITE 0, 100 ' write some data to locations 0 - 3
WRITE 1, 200
WRITE 2, 45
WRITE 3, 28
Read_EE:
FOR addr = 0 TO 3
READ addr, value ' read value from address
DEBUG #addr, ": ", #value, CR ' display address and value
NEXT
END
</pre>
<p class="PlainText">&#160;</p>
<p>NOTE: The example below is written for the BS2 and will run on any of the BS2-family modules. Modify the $STAMP directive (as required) before downloading to the BS2e, BS2sx, BS2p, BS2pe, or BS2px.</p><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">' WRITE.BS2
' This program writes some data to EEPROM and then reads them back out
' and displays the data in the Debug window.
' {$STAMP BS2}
' {$PBASIC 2.5}
idx VAR Byte ' loop control
value VAR Word(3) ' value(s)
Main:
WRITE 0, 100 ' single byte
WRITE 1, Word 1250 ' single word
WRITE 3, 45, 90, Word 725 ' multi-value write
Read_EE:
FOR idx = 0 TO 6 ' show raw bytes in EE
READ idx, value
DEBUG DEC1 idx, " : ", DEC value, CR
NEXT
DEBUG CR
' read values as stored
READ 0, value
DEBUG DEC value, CR
READ 1, Word value
DEBUG DEC value, CR
READ 3, value(0), value(1), Word value(2)
FOR idx = 0 TO 2
DEBUG DEC value(idx), CR
NEXT
END
</pre>
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<p>
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2.gif" border="0" alt="BS2 icon" title="BS2 icon" />
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2e.gif" border="0" alt="BS2e icon" title="BS2e icon" />
<img src="../../graphics/pgm_icon2sx.gif" border="0" alt="BS2sx icon" title="BS2sx icon" />
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</p>
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<p style="text-align: right;">Syntax: <a href="../Commands/XOUT.htm" target="" title="" alt="" class="MCXref_0" xrefformat="{paratext}">XOUT</a></p>
<p>&#160;</p>
</div>
<p class="clear">&#160;</p>
<p class="PlainText">&#160;</p>
<p>NOTE: The example below is written for the BS2 and will run on any of the BS2-family modules. Modify the $STAMP directive (as required) before downloading to the BS2e, BS2sx, BS2p, BS2pe, or BS2px.</p><pre class="BScode" xml:space="preserve">' XOUT.BS2
' This program--really two program fragments--demonstrates the syntax and
' use of the XOUT command. XOUT works like pressing the buttons on an X-10
' control box; first you press one of 16 keys to identify the unit you want
' to control, then you press the key for the action you want that unit to
' take (turn ON, OFF, Bright, or Dim). There are also two group-action keys,
' Lights ON and All OFF. Lights ON turns all lamp modules on without
' affecting appliance modules. All OFF turns off all modules, both lamp and
' appliance types. Connect the BASIC Stamp to a power-line interface as
' shown in the XOUT command description in the manual.
' {$STAMP BS2}
' {$PBASIC 2.5}
Mpin PIN 1 ' modulation pin
Zpin PIN 0 ' zero-cross input
HouseA CON 0 ' House code A = 0
Unit1 CON 0 ' Unit code 1 = 0
Unit2 CON 1 ' Unit code 2 = 1
' This first example turns a standard (appliance or non-dimmer lamp) module
' ON, then OFF. Note that once the Unit code is sent, it need not be repeated
' --subsequent instructions are understood to be addressed to that unit.
Main:
XOUT Mpin, Zpin, [HouseA\Unit1\2] ' select Unit1 (appliance module)
XOUT Mpin, Zpin, [HouseA\UNITON] ' turn it on
PAUSE 1000 ' wait one second
XOUT Mpin, Zpin, [HouseA\UNITOFF] ' then turn it off
' The next example talks to a lamp module using the dimmer feature. Dimmers
' go from full ON to dimmed OFF in 19 steps. Because dimming is relative to
' the current state of the lamp, the only guaranteed way to set a predefined
' brightness level is to turn the dimmer fully OFF, then ON, then dim to the
' desired level.
XOUT Mpin, Zpin, [HouseA\Unit2\2] ' select Unit2 (lamp module)
' This example shows the use of the optional Cycles argument. Here we DIM
' for 10 cycles.
XOUT Mpin, Zpin, [HouseA\UNITOFF\2, HouseA\DIM\10]
STOP
</pre>
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